Exploring new methods for monitoring peat extent and condition in Wales (...woodland and HNV)

1. Exploring new methods for monitoring peat extent and condition in Wales (...woodland and HNV) Bridget Emmett1, Barry Rawlins2, Francesca Cigna2, Colm Jordan2, Lindsay Maskell1, Chris Evans1 , Emma Tebbs1 and the GMEP team 1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology 2 British Geological Survey (and also representing the Wales Environment Research Hub)

2. Environmental Observations – at the heart of CEH’s new Research Strategy Addresses 3 major societal & environmental challenges Securing the value of nature Building resilience to environmental hazards Managing environmental change

3. Wales context Agri-environment schemes deliver Axis 2 of the Rural Development Plan across Europe All countries have to report on impacts and outcomes but do so at a highly variable level Wales has developed the largest monitoring programme of any country in the EU (£9m over 4 years)

4. An ambitious whole farm sustainable land management schemewith 5 priorities: • Combating climate change • Improving water management • Maintaining and enhancing biodiversity • Landscape and historic landscape • Increasing area and improving management of woodland • Peatland is involved in 4 of these issues + ministerial announcement announced commitment to restore all peatlands over next 7 years Wales agri-environment scheme

5. Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Approach 360 x 1km squares sampled over a 4 year rolling cycle Within each squares, a wide range of measurements covering biophysical, social and economic metrics For some hard to measure outcomes, new methods are being developed e.g, mobile GHG flux towers with COSMOS sensors, modelling, remote sensing... Remote sensing being used to: • Upscale using Landcover map 2007 • Identify woody features • Develop new approaches to High Nature Value Farmland • Identify peatland extent and condition

6. Co-located measurements in 1km2 to identify co-benefits and trade-offs of natural capital and ecosystem services: • Habitats and linear features • Species (birds, invertebrates and plants) • Streams and ponds (habitat, macro-invertebrates, diatoms, aquatic, plants, chemistry) • Soil (physical structure, erosion, pesticides, nutrients and biodiversity) • Diffuse Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation • Landscape including historic environment features, access and recreation • Economics for farmers & social surveys to identify wider benefits within Wales X

7. Peat questions To effectively prioritise and monitor peat restoration we need to agree: Where the peat is Where it is in need of restoration: • Drained • Eroded • Planted with trees Where it is aggrading or degrading and identify links to Glastir Peat in Wales Cranfield(250k) and BGS (50k) data for peat polygons

8. Peat motion

9. Study site in N Wales

10. Method

11. Peat motion results

12. Preliminary conclusions on peatland work

13. Next steps Can we use peat motion to help agree where deep peat is? By analysing over time – can we determine rate of peat growth or loss? Can we remotely identify drained peat and link to other management practices and vegetation types to inform Glastir prescriptions.

14. Questions? bae@ceh.ac.uk The GMEP team

15. Woodland extent and condition Is Glastir leading to increased riparian and linear features? CEH is developing a woody features dataset using LCM, NDVI and NEXTMAP canopy height data that will identify areas, linearsand points for woodland Contact: Lindsay Maskell (CEH)

16. High Nature Value Farmland The RDP requires metrics to indicate impact on HNV Little consensus on what it is CEH exploring ways of combining an array of information to identify areas in Wales for Types I, II and III e.g Semi-natural habitat areas Habitat diversity Species presence