What Are Food Chains and Webs?

1. What Are Food Chains and Webs?

2. Story Vocabulary • food chain • food web • ecosystem • absorbs • algae • ridges • predators • scavenger • omnivores • diet

3. food chain The passing of energy from the sun to plants to animals to other animals is called a food chain. A food chain is simply who eats what. food chain- a group of living things in a chain in which the first living thing is eaten by the second, the second is eaten by the third and so on

4. food web The complex feeding arrangement within an ecosystem is called a food web. www.learner.org/.../ m/Muscle_RubberBand2.jpg A food web includes many food chains. food web- a group of food chains in an ecosystem that are connected

5. ecosystem Thescientist gathered at the pond to study its ecosystem. We are learning about the ecosystem of one of Utah’s deserts. ecosystem- all the living and nonliving things in a certain area

6. absorbs Paper towel A absorbs the water fastest. The diaper with the crystals absorbs more liquid than diaper without the crystals. absorbs -takes in

7. algae Algae was taking over the fish tank. Seaweed is an algae that lives in the sea or salty water. algae- simple living things that are composed of one or more cells. Most algae are plants that don’t have roots or flowers

8. ridges They walked quietly along the ridges at the beach. The iguanodon had ridges on its teeth. ridges - plural of ridge: a raised narrow strip

9. predators The predators hunting the mice included the owl and hawk. Rabbits have to constantly watch out for predators to keep alive. predators- plural of predator; an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

10. scavengers The vulture and hyena are examples of scavengers because they eat the leftover kills from other animals. Sharks and hermit crabs are ocean scavengers because they eat dead and decaying things in the ocean. scavengers- plural of scavenger; an animal that feeds on dead animals

11. omnivores Crows are omnivores because they eat both plants and animals. Very few dinosaurs were omnivores. Two that were are Oviraptor and Ornithomimus. omnivores- plural of omnivore; an animal that eats both animal flesh and plants

12. diet It is important for our health to eat a healthy diet. A mouse’s diet includes a lot of different plants. This one loves corn. diet- the food and drink eaten by an animal

13. Focus Questions: • How is energy transferred between plants, herbivores, and carnivores? • What would happen to an ecosystem if one part of the food chain disappeared?

14. Genre: Expository Text The purpose of expository text is to share information with the reader in a straightforward way. The factual information can often be checked by referring to other sources such as science articles, reference books and newspapers. Expository text tells something. It contains facts about real people, things or events.

15. Word Structure • sun’s energy • herbivore’s body • animal’s body • omnivore’s diet What is the type of words or phrases represented in the words above? They are possessives. What is the definition of possessives? Possessives are words that show ownership or possession of things or characteristics.

16. Word Structure What are the possessives in each phrase? sun’s, herbivore’s, animal’s, and omnivore’s • sun’s energy • herbivore’s body • animal’s body • omnivore’s diet Read the phrases in below. The energy that belongs to the sun The body that belongs to the herbivore The body that belongs to the animal The diet that belongs to the omnivore

17. What is the common structure in the following words? confrontation measure judge renew • nonconfrontational • nonmeasurable • nonjudgmental • nonrenewable The common structure in the words is the prefix non-. The prefix non- means not. What are the base words?

18. What are the definitions of the base words? • confrontational • measurable • judge • renew - conflict between people - determine the size of something - someone giving an informed opinion - extend something Now define the words with the prefix non-.

19. What are the definitions? • nonconfrontational • nonmeasurable • nonjudgmental • nonrenewable • - not likely to start a conflict between people • - not able to be sized • not making or involving moral opinions • - not able to extend something once expired What part of speech are the words? adjectives

20. Building Background • What do you know about food chains and food webs? • Do you know where humans are on the food chain? • What do you know about herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores? • What is a balanced diet? • How does eating a balanced diet affect your energy and activity levels?

21. Background Information • The energy in food is measured in calories. Calories are a measurement of how much energy the food can produce in our bodies. • Food chains and webs visually show us the source of our energy and how it passes from one part of the chain or web to the next. • When we eat calories and then move around, we burn them quickly. If we are sedentary, or inactive , our bodies turn the unused calories into fat to store for later use.

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23. Big Question How does energy effect your life?

24. Daily Editing • Correct the following sentences. • Humane Beings need Energy to survives. Humane beings need energy to survive. • Thems needs good Food They need good food.

25. Writing a Persuasive Report • Was it difficult to address the reader’s needs when you were writing your persuasive letter?. • Do you think you convinced your reader of your viewpoint? Why or Why not? • This week you will continue practicing your persuasive writing by writing a persuasive report relating to the theme of Energy At Work. • A persuasive report is a little different than a persuasive letter because it requires the same research, planning and formatting as a regular research report. You will use your research to support their viewpoints and influence the audience.

26. Organization of a Persuasive Argument • states a viewpoint (the controlling idea) • provides supporting arguments, or gives reasons in the form of facts and examples, and/or expert opinions that the reader should adopt or support a particular point of view • identifies opposing argument and provide evidence that refutes it • restate the opinion or goal, summarize reasons, and if appropriate requests or urges action

27. Techniques Used in Persuasive Writing • Word Choice • hyperbole (extreme exaggeration) • repetition • emotional appeal Emotional appeals include strong statements that create a certain feeling in the audience and intend to make them sympathetic to a point of view. They often appear as part of the conclusion.

28. Two Different Ways to Approach a Persuasive Report • State a viewpoint and support it with facts, examples, explanations, and expert opinions • State a problem and use research to offer one or more solutions

29. Assignment: • Brainstorm possible topics as a class. • Each student chose one topic. • Start researching topic taking notes on what is found about subject. • Keep track of your sources for the information you gather.

30. Spelling Words Prefix non- and Words with Latin Roots • devour • intersect • section • nontoxic • jurisdiction • nonsense • nonconforming • omnivore • herbivore • nonabrasive • dissect • nonviolent • noncreative • jurist • nonstick • jury • nonessential • carnivore • nonprofit • nonresident

31. Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Whose cup is it? Sam’s The word Sam’s is a possessive noun. What is a possessive noun? A noun that shows ownership or, possession of things or characters Possessives are formed by adding ‘s to singular nouns and ‘ to plural nouns ending in s. Sam’s cup

32. penguin Peter sea stars hammer girls Possessive Nouns penguin’sPeter’s sea’s stars’ hammer’s girls’ Can you make each of these words possessive? Can you use the words in sentences? Can you create a sentence with a different possessive noun?

33. food chain ecosystem algae scavenger omnivore all the living and nonliving things in a certain area animals that eats both animal flesh and plants animals that feeds on dead animals a group of living things in a chain in which the first living thing is eaten by the second, the second is eaten by the third and so on simple living things that are composed of one or more cells. Vocabulary Quiz

34. absorbs food web diet ridges predators a group of food chains in an ecosystem that are connected raised narrow strips the food and drink eaten by an animal takes in animals that hunts and kills other animals for food Vocabulary Quiz

35. Word Structure • stable • compound • mine • pupil These words are homographs. Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and word origins. Two definitions for the word compound are: An enclosure Something composed of two or more elements

36. Word Structure • 1. Steady not changing • 2. Building for animals like horses • 1. Possessive of I • 2. An excavation in the ground for removing minerals • 1. Student • 2. An opening in the iris of the eye that reacts to light • stable • mine • pupil What are two definitions for the words? Can you use them in sentences?

37. These words are derivatives of a Latin root.What root is it? • something that eats both plants and animal flesh • something that eats only plants • . • something that eats animal flesh • . - to eat recklessly • omnivore . • herbivore . • carnivore • devour The Latin root is vor which means “eat”. What does each word mean? Can you use each word in a sentence?

38. Reading With a Writer’s Eye A writer chooses how to present the information he or she includes in a text. In this story, the writer presents information in classes and categories. However there is a larger organization. It goes from general-- food chains, food webs, and ecosystems-- to the specifics-- the things that make up these chains and webs. The writer has moved to the most specific, describing the scientific process behind the life of the primary producer. Then the author will move up the food chain, describing each level. You should use this kind of organization in your reports, or other pieces of writing.

39. Comprehension Check • What is a food web? • It is a group of food chains linked together by species who eat the same things. • What purpose does sunlight play in photosynthesis? • It gives the plants the energy to combine water with carbon dioxide to produce food. • What is an herbivore? • A herbivore is an animal that eats only plants. • What is the difference between a scavenger and a predator? • Scavengers eat what is left from a predator’s catch.

40. Comprehension Check • What is at the bottom of a food chain? • The bottom of a food chain contains mainly green plants. • What is a predator? • A predator is an animal that hunts its food. • How does this relate to the theme? • It describe how energy is used to sustain life. • How is energy from the sun passed along the food chain? • Plants trap the energy, animals eat the plants, and other animals eat them. • Why are there fewer living things on the last level of a food web or energy pyramid? • There is only enough energy to keep a few carnivores alive.

41. Daily EditingCorrect the following sentences. i think using power from the son is a good ways to save energy? I think using power from the sun is a good way to save energy. Plants use the suns energy too get energy to make food Plants use the sun’s energy to get energy to make food.

42. Writing- Persuasive Report As you research, you will find conflicting information. You must decide how to use the information you find to support your views. To persuade the reader you should use proven facts, examples from research or personal experiences that strengthen your position. You also should use expert interviews or outside resources

43. Solar power should be used to provide part of our homes’ electrical needs because it is better for the environment. 1. My dad says it is too expensive to buy a solar energy system for our house . 2. Studies show many other power sources create emissions that cause acid rain. 3.Solar power is cool because only a few people have it. Which supporting evidence is stronger? Why? 2 -It talks about why it is better for the environment. Which evidence is part of an opposing argument? 1- It gives evidence why solar power shouldn’t be used.

44. Continue Researching • You need to continue researching for evidence that supports your view. • Make sure you are keeping notes and sources.

45. Spelling Word Sort devour carnivore herbivore omnivore nonviolent nontoxic nonstick nonessential nonresident noncreative nonsense nonconforming nonprofit nonabrasive non- vor sect jur jury jurist jurisdiction section dissect intersect

46. Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics What are some examples of pronouns? I, we, he she , it A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. What are some examples of object pronouns? you, her, him, it, us, them A subject pronoun is the subject of a sentence and also the predicate noun. An object pronoun is the direct object or indirect object in a sentence

47. Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics What are some examples of possessive pronouns? my, you’re, her, his, our, and their A possessive pronoun shows ownership and can be used alone or before a noun. Write five sentences that include pronouns.

48. What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence? scavenger A vulture is a __________. absorbs The paper towel __________ water very well. Some grass eating animals have ________ on their teeth for grinding food. ridges __________ are animals that hunt other animals for food. Predators A pond is an example of an __________. ecosystem

49. What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence? omnivore An Oviraptor eats both plant and animal flesh, so it is an ______________. To have energy for activities, you should eat a healthy ______. diet A group of interrelated food chains in a particular community is called a ___________. food web Seaweed is one form of ________. algae Green plants are usually on the bottom of the_____________. food chain

50. How many words can you create using the affixes and Latin roots? You have 5 minutes. Word Structure Activity Prefixes Latin Roots Suffixes pre- , de-, sub-, trans-, scrib, script, port, tract -ation, -tion, -able, -ible Possible Answers:prescribe, transport, transportation, subtract, subscript, subscription, scribble, portable, transportable, describe, subscribe, subtraction, describe, description, deport, deportation, traction