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The French Start Out to Make a Small Revolution

The French Start Out to Make a Small Revolution. and End Up Making a Big One. I. Brief Historiographical Survey (Four Major Interpretations). A. Senseless Violence and Destruction – Edmund Burke, Reflections of the Revolution in France , 1790.

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The French Start Out to Make a Small Revolution

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  1. The French Start Out to Make a SmallRevolution and End Up Making a Big One

  2. I. Brief Historiographical Survey (Four Major Interpretations) • A. Senseless Violence and Destruction • – Edmund Burke, Reflections of the Revolution in France, 1790

  3. Edmund Burke, Reflections of the Revolution in France (1790)

  4. I. Brief Historiographical Survey (Four Major Interpretations) • B. Rise of Liberty: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité • – Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution, 1837

  5. Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution, 1837

  6. Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789) by Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Houel

  7. I. Brief Historiographical Survey (Four Major Interpretations) • C. Marxist, Class Struggle • – Georges Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution, 1939 • D. Revisionist • – William Doyle, Origins of the French Revolution, 1980

  8. II. Myths and Realities of Its Origins • A. Political • 1. Despotic Rule of the Bourbon Dynasty? • 2. Illogical Character of French Government? • 3. Wars of the French Kings? • 4. Lack of Effective Leadership at Crucial Times

  9. II. Myths and Realities of Its Origins (continued) • B. Social and Economic • 1. Rise of the Middle Class and Their Opposition of Mercantilism? • 2. Survival of Privilege? • 3. Inequitable System of Taxation? • 4. Inability to Solve the Credit Crunch • 5. Bad Harvests during 1780’s

  10. II. Myths and Realities of Its Origins (continued) • C. Intellectual • 1. Contribution of Philosophes? • 2. American Revolution? • 3. Education • a. Grub Street Writers — Scandal and Slander • b. Lawyers and Civil Servants

  11. Grub Street • According to Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary, the term was “originally the name of a street...much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet.”

  12. Grub Street (formerly Milton Street) in London Engraving from Robert Chambers, Book of Days: A Miscellany of Antiquities, 2 vols., 1st ed. (London: W. and R. Chambers, 1866−1868)

  13. Oath of the Tennis Court (June 20, 1789), drawing by Jacques Louis David (1748−1825) made in 1791

  14. III. Significant Results • A. Medical Reforms • B. Relatively Efficient and Centralized Tax System • C. Reform of Legal Code — Equality Before the Law • D. Nationalism — Ideology That Integrated Society from Top to Bottom • E. Metric System of Measurement

  15. Countries that use metric system color coded according to when adopted

  16. James Burke, Social Impact of New Medical Knowledge, part 1 • Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) — hospitals • Madame Helvetius (1719–1800) — salons • Pierre-Jean Georges Cabanis (1757–1808) • Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716) — infinitesimal calculus • Fredrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775–1854) — Naturphilosophie • Marie François Xavier Bichat (1771–1802) — Treatise on Membranes (1800) • Pierre-Simon Marquis de Laplace (1749–1827) — probability theory • Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769–1821)

  17. Population of France in 1789 • First Estate: Clergy 135,000 0.5% • Second Estate: Nobility 400,000 1.6% • Third Estate: Bourgeoisie 1,000,000 3.9% • Non-agricultural workers 2,000,000 7.8% • Farmers (landowning and tenant) 5,000,000 19.6% • Sharecroppers 11,000,000 43.1% • Day Laborers 5,000,000 19.6% • Serfs 1,000,000 3.9% • 25,500,000

  18. The Radical’s Arms

  19. Guillotine (1792 model) Not invented by Joseph-Ignace Guillotin but by Antoine Louis. First used April 25, 1792.

  20. Execution of Louis XVI (January 23, 1793)

  21. Beheading of Louis XVI

  22. Table 3.2 Overall wealth, 1774 • Thirteen New Middle South • Colonies England Colonies • Avg. per capita: • (1) Net worth 44.9 31.3 46.4 51.6 • (2) Total physical wealth 46.5 36.6 41.9 54.8 • (3) Land (real estate) 25.6 26.1 25.9 25.1 • (4) Portable, human & nonhuman 20..9 10.5 16.0 29.6 • (5) Financial assets 7.5 6.5 14.6 3.9 • (6) Financial liabilities 9.1 11.7 10.1 7.1 • A vg. per wealth holder: • (7) Net worth 243.2 138.0 207.1 371.8 • (8) Total physical wealth 252.0 161.2 186.8 394.7 • (9) Land (real estate) 138.5 115.1 115.5 181.1 • (10) Portable, human & nonhuman 113.5 46.1 71.2 213.6 • (11) Financial assets 40.6 28.5 65.3 28.3 • (12) Cash 5.9 1.8 8.1 7.5 • (13) Claims, good 32.2 26.4 56.4 14.7 • (14) Claims, doubtful 2.5 0.2 0.8 6.1 • (15) Financial liabilities 49.3 51.6 45.0 51.2

  23. FINIS

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