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Causes of the Civil War: North vs. South Tensions

Explore the fundamental causes of the Civil War, including economic and political differences between the industrial North and agricultural South. Learn about key events like the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Bleeding Kansas, and the Dred Scott Decision leading to Southern secession and the formation of the Confederate States of America.

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Causes of the Civil War: North vs. South Tensions

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  1. Fundamental Causesof theCivil War 4.1 Notes

  2. NORTH Industrial Factories Manufacturing Big cities / urban Anti-slavery High population SOUTH Agricultural Plantations / Farms Small cities / rural Pro-slavery King Cotton = southern wealth Less populous Economical Key Differences

  3. Political Causes • Missouri Compromise • Maintained balance of free/slave states • 1818: Missouri requests statehood • N. and S. debate issue of Slavery in MO • Congress passes compromise • Maine admitted as free state • Missouri admitted as slave state • Louisiana Territory split in two parts – divided at 36/30 N. latitude • South of line, slavery is legal • North of line, (except MO) is illegal

  4. Statehood for California - 1850 • CA constitution forbade slavery • Alarmed/angered S. • Assumed CA would be slave state because mostly below compromise line • Wanted compromise to apply to territories • west of Louisiana Purchase to ensure more • slave states • Threats of secession at Congressional • debates • - formal withdrawal of a state from the union

  5. Compromise of 1850 • CA admitted as free state • Popular sovereignty for residents of New Mexico and Utah territories • Right to vote for/against slavery • Harsher fugitive slave laws • Slaves not entitled to trial by jury • Fines and imprisonment for those aiding fugitives

  6. Kansas – Nebraska Act • Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted popular sovereignty for KS and NE territories • Problem = territories north of compromise line • Legally closed to slavery • Bill introduced to divide territory • NE in north • KS in south • Became law in 1854 • Repealed MO Compromise

  7. “Bleeding Kansas” • Race for Kansas • Attempts to populate Kansas to win vote • 1855 vote • 1,000s of “border ruffians” crossed from MO to KS to vote illegally • Gov’t set up at Lecompton - pro-slavery acts passed • Abolitionists set up rival gov’t in Topeka • Led to bloody violence

  8. New Republican Party • Opponents of slavery in territories • United in opposition of Kansas-Nebraska Act • Nominated John C. Fremont as candidate • Fremont win could have caused immediate Southern secession • Dem. James Buchanan won instead

  9. Dred Scott Decision • Owner took him from MO to free territory in IL and WI then back • Appealed for freedom • Supreme Court ruled against Scott • He was not a citizen • 5th Amendment protected “property”

  10. Abraham Lincoln Elected • 1860 Republican presidential candidate • Appeared moderate in views • Pledged to halt further spread of slavery • Promised not to interfere with existing slavery • Southerners still viewed him as enemy • Democratic party split over slavery issues • Divided Southern votes • Lincoln victorious

  11. Southern Secession • Struggle over slavery viewed as conflict • States’ right to self-determination VS. Federal gov’t control • Felt Political voice in national gov’t was lost • S.C. seceded – Dec. 20, 1860 • MS, AL, GA, LA, TX, FL, VA, NC, TN, AR followed • Confederate States of America formed • Constitution written- “protected and recognized” slavery • Jefferson Davis of MS elected president

  12. Key Question… Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight?

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