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Fundamental Causes of the Civil War

Fundamental Causes of the Civil War. 4.1 Notes. NORTH Industrial Factories Manufacturing Big cities / urban Anti-slavery High population. SOUTH Agricultural Plantations / Farms Small cities / rural Pro-slavery King Cotton = southern wealth Less populous. Economical Key Differences.

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Fundamental Causes of the Civil War

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  1. Fundamental Causesof theCivil War 4.1 Notes

  2. NORTH Industrial Factories Manufacturing Big cities / urban Anti-slavery High population SOUTH Agricultural Plantations / Farms Small cities / rural Pro-slavery King Cotton = southern wealth Less populous Economical Key Differences

  3. Political Causes • Missouri Compromise • Maintained balance of free/slave states • 1818: Missouri requests statehood • N. and S. debate issue of Slavery in MO • Congress passes compromise • Maine admitted as free state • Missouri admitted as slave state • Louisiana Territory split in two parts – divided at 36/30 N. latitude • South of line, slavery is legal • North of line, (except MO) is illegal

  4. Statehood for California - 1850 • CA constitution forbade slavery • Alarmed/angered S. • Assumed CA would be slave state because mostly below compromise line • Wanted compromise to apply to territories • west of Louisiana Purchase to ensure more • slave states • Threats of secession at Congressional • debates • - formal withdrawal of a state from the union

  5. Compromise of 1850 • CA admitted as free state • Popular sovereignty for residents of New Mexico and Utah territories • Right to vote for/against slavery • Harsher fugitive slave laws • Slaves not entitled to trial by jury • Fines and imprisonment for those aiding fugitives

  6. Kansas – Nebraska Act • Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted popular sovereignty for KS and NE territories • Problem = territories north of compromise line • Legally closed to slavery • Bill introduced to divide territory • NE in north • KS in south • Became law in 1854 • Repealed MO Compromise

  7. “Bleeding Kansas” • Race for Kansas • Attempts to populate Kansas to win vote • 1855 vote • 1,000s of “border ruffians” crossed from MO to KS to vote illegally • Gov’t set up at Lecompton - pro-slavery acts passed • Abolitionists set up rival gov’t in Topeka • Led to bloody violence

  8. New Republican Party • Opponents of slavery in territories • United in opposition of Kansas-Nebraska Act • Nominated John C. Fremont as candidate • Fremont win could have caused immediate Southern secession • Dem. James Buchanan won instead

  9. Dred Scott Decision • Owner took him from MO to free territory in IL and WI then back • Appealed for freedom • Supreme Court ruled against Scott • He was not a citizen • 5th Amendment protected “property”

  10. Abraham Lincoln Elected • 1860 Republican presidential candidate • Appeared moderate in views • Pledged to halt further spread of slavery • Promised not to interfere with existing slavery • Southerners still viewed him as enemy • Democratic party split over slavery issues • Divided Southern votes • Lincoln victorious

  11. Southern Secession • Struggle over slavery viewed as conflict • States’ right to self-determination VS. Federal gov’t control • Felt Political voice in national gov’t was lost • S.C. seceded – Dec. 20, 1860 • MS, AL, GA, LA, TX, FL, VA, NC, TN, AR followed • Confederate States of America formed • Constitution written- “protected and recognized” slavery • Jefferson Davis of MS elected president

  12. Key Question… Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight?

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