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Subject---Verb Agreement

Subject---Verb Agreement. 主谓一致. “ 一致 ” 是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “ 主谓一致 ” 是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如 are, were, have 等，主语是单数， 谓语要用单数形式，如： is, was, has, works 等。. 学习主谓一致所应注意的原则. 英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致需遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。.

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Subject---Verb Agreement

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  1. Subject---Verb Agreement 主谓一致

  2. “一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数， 谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。

  3. 学习主谓一致所应注意的原则 英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致需遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

  4. 一.谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。 The boy _____ diving. is are They _____ diving. The students of Class One _____not wrong are

  5. A young man and a girl wantto go there. The singer and the writer are famous to many young people. 二.由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时，谓动一般用复数。 are Both Jack and Tim _____ diving.

  6. 1).但如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓动要用单数。1).但如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓动要用单数。 The singer and writer is famous to everyone. A pen and book is what I need. A needle(针）and thread(线）was found on the floor.

  7. 2).当each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, many a…and many a….等结构做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ① No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上没有发现人和动物。 ② Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.许多医生和护士都在忙于他们的工作。

  8. 3). 一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓动应用复数。 Ancient(古代）and modern history are the subjects we are studying. 但如果表示的是同一概念时，谓动应用单数。 The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.

  9. 三、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致 1).有生命的词，如cattle, police, people等做主语时，谓动常用复数。 The police are investigating the crime. The cattle are kept in his farm.

  10. 2).无生命的词，如foliage(叶子），machinery(机械）， clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage merchandise(商品、货物）等做主语时，谓动用单数。 All the machinery in this factory is made in China. Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.

  11. 3).audience,class, crew, committee, family, team, group,army,police等做主语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中的每一个成员，谓动则用复数。 ① The football team is being recognized. ② The football team are having baths and are coming back here for tea.

  12. ---- A: How many people are there in your family? --- B: There are six. --- A: Woo! Your family ___ a big one. Can you tell me your hobbies? --- B: Ok! My parents like running, my two sisters like swimming, my brother and I like playing football. --- A: So your family all ____ sports. is like

  13. 四、不定代词做主语时的主谓一致 1).不定代词 each,another,the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合代词做主语时，谓动用单数形式。 ① Neither has gone through regular training. ② Nobody wants to go there. ③ Something has been done to end the strike.

  14. 不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

  15. 2). None 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。 knows/know Neitherof them ___________ (know) how to teach English. knows/know None of them ___________ (know) how to teach English.

  16. 3). both,(a) few, many, several 等做主语时，谓动常用复数。 Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones. 4). all 做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。 ① All is well that ends well. ② All are eager to reach an agreement.

  17. 五.就近原则:当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or, either…or , neither…nor… 或 not only…but also 连接时,谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。

  18. 六.就前原则:主语后如有下面词或短语,如 with, along with, together with,as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including，in addition to等,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

  19. with, together with, along with is Mr. Black , as well as two women, ______ at the office. Mr. Black

  20. 七. 由there 或here 引导的句子，主语不止一个名词是， 谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。

  21. 八、形式为复数、意义为单数的名词做主语时的主谓一致八、形式为复数、意义为单数的名词做主语时的主谓一致 1）.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的名词做主语，谓动常用单数。

  22. 2）.两数相加、相乘，谓动单复数均可；两数相减、相除，谓动只用单数。2）.两数相加、相乘，谓动单复数均可；两数相减、相除，谓动只用单数。 ①Thirty-six from forty leaves six. ②Six times seven are/is forty-two.

  23. 3）.主语是以-ics结尾的学科时，谓动一般用单数；以-s结尾的专有名词做主语，如：the United States, the New Times, Arabian Nights等，谓动要用单数。

  24. 4）.群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如: the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等做主语时，谓动用复数。 Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.

  25. 5.名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。

  26. 九、百分数、分数做主语时的主谓一致 当百分数、分数后加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式。

  27. 十、“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓一致 “the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若指某一抽象概念，则用单数。 ①The sick here are very well cared for. ②The true is to be told from the false.

  28. 十一、“one of+复数名词+定语从句“结构中的主谓一致 1. 在”one of +复数名词+定语从句“结构中，定语从句中的谓动的单复数形式由它所修饰的先行词来决定。 This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.

  29. 2. 在”the (only) one of+复数名词+定语从句“结构中，定语从句的谓动仍用单数。 Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who is studying the major of International Law in this university.

  30. 十二、从句、不定式、-ing形式做主语时的主谓一致十二、从句、不定式、-ing形式做主语时的主谓一致 1.在以what从句作主语的”主系表“结构中，主句的谓动要以表语名词的单复数而定。 ① What caused the accident is a complete mystery. ② What his father left him are a few English books.

  31. 2.动词不定式、-ing形式做主语，谓动用单数。 To learn English well is difficult.

  32. 3.在what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中，若从句中具有两个以上的动词，主句中谓动应用复数。3.在what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中，若从句中具有两个以上的动词，主句中谓动应用复数。 What I say and think are none of your business.

  33. 4.以who, why, how, whether或that引导的从句做主语时，谓动用单数。 Why she did this is not known. 由how and why, when and where引导的从句做主语时，谓动仍用单数。 When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided.

  34. 5. and连接的两个名词性从句做主语，如表示两件事情，则谓动用复数。 What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.

  35. Supplementary Exercises

  36. Multiple choice: 1. On the wall______ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept 3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has 4. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 5. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known

  37. 6. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 7. A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided

  38. Good Bye

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