1 / 31

The role of the biosphere in air quality and climate Klaus Butterbach-Bahl

The role of the biosphere in air quality and climate Klaus Butterbach-Bahl Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Fossil fuel burning. CO 2. Industrial sources. Land use change. Rice paddies, wetlands, ruminants. CH 4. Industrial sources.

sarah-owens
Download Presentation

The role of the biosphere in air quality and climate Klaus Butterbach-Bahl

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The role of the biosphere in air quality and climate Klaus Butterbach-Bahl Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

  2. Fossil fuel burning CO2 Industrial sources Land use change Rice paddies, wetlands, ruminants CH4 Industrial sources Agriculture, forests, ozeans N2O Soils: 60-70% Why to study biosphere-atmosphere interactions when talking about climate change?

  3. Nitrogen and global population increase Erisman et al., 2008; Nature - Geosciences

  4. The fate of nitrogen N Fertilizer Produced 100

  5. The fate of nitrogen N Consumed N Fertilizer Produced 14 100 14% of the N produced in the Haber-Bosch process enters the human mouth………. Galloway JN and Cowling EB. 2002

  6. The fate of nitrogen N Consumed N Fertilizer Produced N Fertilizer Consumed N in Crop N Harvested N in Food 14 31 26 100 94 47 -12 -47 -6 -16 -5 14% of the N produced in the Haber-Bosch process enters the human mouth……….if you are a vegetarian. Galloway JN and Cowling EB. 2002

  7. Global human population and meat production

  8. The fate of nitrogen N Consumed N Fertilizer Produced N Fertilizer Applied N in Crop N In Feed N in Store 31 100 94 7 47 4 -3 -47 -6 -16 -24 4% of the N produced in the Haber-Bosch process and used for animal production enters the human mouth. Galloway JN and Cowling EB. 2002

  9. The global nitrogen cycle

  10. Nr creation 1995 (left) and 2050 (right) [Tg N yr-1]

  11. Ecological and social consequences of Nr

  12. The Nr cascade

  13. Increase in nitrogen flows in rivers

  14. Nr deposition in 1860 and 1993 [mg m-2 yr-1]

  15. Nr deposition in 1860 and 1993 [mg m-2 yr-1]

  16. Closed nutrient cycles Intensive agriculture Industrialisation Historical development Man labor

  17. 5 N2 6 NOy NHx 9 8 6 1860 120 8 7 11 15 6 0.3 27 5 6 N2 NOy NHx mid-1990s 26 33 23 16 18 110 21 25 39 100 25 N2 + 3H2 48 2NH3 The Global Nitrogen Budget in 1860 and mid-1990s, TgN/yr Galloway et al., 2003b

  18. N2O IPCC 2007

  19. The effect of N on the GHG balance

  20. The effect of N on the GHG balance

  21. GIS coupling for Inventories GIS database for DNDC Data source Data content format ISRIC- WISE ESDB v1 Clay content pH bulk density Polygon 10km x 10km Grid Spatial information SOIL Map of Topsoil OrganicCarbon SOC 1x1 km2 Grid GIS DATABASE MM5 Temperature Precipitation PAR Latitude 10x10 km2 Grid CLIMATE EMEP N deposition 50x50 km2 Grid DNDC CAPRI Crop type/area 1x1 km2 Grid EUStat Fertilizer input Yield (kg/ha) NUTS Regions MANAGEMENT Emission Inventory of European agricultural soils Sowing and Harvest date (2003) LUCAS Points

  22. Inventorying soil N trace gas fluxes and identifying feedbacks Simulated forest area of Europe: 1 410 477km2 Kesik et al., 2006; Biogeosciences

  23. Agricultural soils – NO & N2O emissions Butterbach-Bahl et al., 2008; Atm. Environm.

  24. Soil sources versus industrial sources Soil NOx emissions are contributing in average for entire Europe up to 10% to the tropospheric NOx burden Butterbach-Bahl et al., 2009; Atm. Environm.

  25. Summary • Human activities have perturbed the global nitrogen cycling • Acceleration by a factor of approx. 2 (C <10%) • Large scale environmental impacts, e.g. • eutrophication • Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of GHG‘s • Long-term effects and biosphere feedbacks to climate change unknown • Increase in N use efficiency urgently needed 31 | V. Name | Organisationseinheit | TT.MM.JJJJ

More Related