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The Endocrine system

The Endocrine system. Glands and Hormones. What makes the Endocrine system unique is that it secretes hormones… These hormones are chemical messengers that are carried through the bloodstream to: Stimulate other glands Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes.

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The Endocrine system

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  1. The Endocrine system Glands and Hormones

  2. What makes the Endocrine system unique is that it secretes hormones… These hormones are chemical messengers that are carried through the bloodstream to: • Stimulate other glands • Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

  3. Hormones work by finding that specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job…

  4. Major Glands of the Endocrine System • Pituitary – also referred to as the “master gland” as it regulates all other endocrine glands • Thyroid –responsible for metabolism and growth, how your body uses oxygen and nutrients • Parathyroid – regulate calcium and phosphorus in the body • Adrenal – secrete adrenaline in emergency or stressful situations • Pancreas – responsible for secreting insulin to regulate blood sugar levels in the bloodstream • Ovaries – female gonad, responsible for ovum production, estrogen secretion and progesterone release • Testes - male gonad, responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

  5. Pituitary Gland Master gland of body Located in the depression of sphenoid bone Produces many hormones that affect other glands • Thyroid stimulating hormone • Somatotropin- growth hormone • Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation • ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone • Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin • ADH- antidiuretic hormone

  6. Giantism- would be oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty • Dwarfism- would be undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics • Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH

  7. Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. • Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine • Goiter- not enough iodine • Hyperthyroidism • Hypothyroidism

  8. Adrenal Glands • Located just above the kidney (dunce hats) • Secretes many hormones such as: Epinephrine Norepinephrine Many steroid hormones, including estrogen and androgens

  9. Pancreas- • Secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestines • Secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells. • Secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream

  10. Diabetes Mellitus • Cause – malfunction of gland, decreased secretion of insulin • Symptoms • Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections • Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population • Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it • 225,000 die each year • 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

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