Concept Mapping Workshop_Phase 1 Kolej Matrikulasi Selangor

1. Concept Mapping Workshop_Phase 1Kolej Matrikulasi Selangor 18-19 Mac 2010 Concept Mapping is best if it is a COLLABORATE effort

2. Presentation of Concept Maps (Concept Mapping Software) Conclusion and Reflections Presentation of Concept Maps (Paper and Pencil) Slot 1 Slot 5 Slot 4 Introduction to Concept Mapping Uses of Concept Map in Teaching and Learning Slot 2 Slot 3 Creating Concept Maps Workshop shedule

3. Refer Pg 2 Scope in Concept Map Workshop

4. Our scope during this workshop: Concept Mapping Workshop_Phase 1

5. 5-Jan-20 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop 5 From: http://cmap.ihmc.us/

6. Slot 1 Introduction to Concept Mapping KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

7. Menu for Slot 1 • What is a Concept Map? • Theory underlying Concept Mapping • Basics about Concept Mapping • Assessing Concept Map • Creating a Concept Map • Electronic Tools Available to SupportConcept Mapping KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

8. 1. What is a Concept Map? Refer Pg 3

9. Concept Maps • Graphic organizer that displays a large concept or theme from a big-picture perspective • Uses concepts or ideas and shows how they connect: using language • Networks consist of nodes and links. • Nodes represent concepts and links represent the relations between concepts. • Linking words are used to describe the relationships among the concepts KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

10. Concept Maps • Educational tool that encourages meaningful learning. • An active, creative, visual and spatial learning activity in which concepts are organized according to their hierarchical relationships. KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

11. What is concept mapping? • A technique for organizing and representing information • A true concept map must include: • core concepts - usually enclosed in circles or boxes • relationships illustrated by lines and arrows connecting concepts AND by propositions or statements on those lines that explain the nature of the relationship Pages Books are made of Binding

12. 2. Theory underlying Concept Mapping Refer Pg 3

13. Novak’s Concept Mapping Technique Developed by Joseph D. Novak at Cornell University. concluded that "Meaningful learning involves the assimilation of new concepts and propositions into existing cognitive structures". Novak’s work was based on the theories of Ausubel. KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

14. New Theory of Learning • Novak and Gowan (1984) • developed a theory of instruction that is based on Ausubel's meaningful learning principles • incorporates "concept maps" to represent meaningful relationships between concepts and propositions. KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

15. Learning with understanding much stronger and longer-lasting than rote learning learning by memorization students address the conceptual meaning of the knowledge being learned, and link this new information with previous knowledge Ausubel Meaningful Learning KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

16. Meaningful Learning VS Rote Learning KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

17. How can you encourage Meaningful Learning? Organize knowledge ideas (Schemata) are inter-connected as networks according to the meaning that defines them. Guide students to anchor new ideas or concepts with previous defined knowledge in a non-arbitrary way Introduce Concept Mapping to promote meaningful learning KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

18. Each learner comes into any new situation with prior knowledge based on past experiences. Key idea of New Theory of Learning Jane Primary 6

19. New knowledge is learned through integration with prior knowledge. Key idea of New Theory of Learning Jane Form FOUR

20. 3. Basics about Concept Maps Refer Pg 5 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

21. Two concepts linked by a labelled relationship create a proposition • This ‘scaffolds’ the formation of a meaningful statement. • It is the basic unit in the formation of concept maps. A cat is a living thing. • This makes concept mapping a powerful tool in learning how to structure ideas and make connections to frame meanings. KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

22. Basic structures of graphic representation Concept mapping: • represents different levels of meaning • discloses levels of understanding or misrepresentation • allows cloze style presentations KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

23. Some basics about Concept Map laptop Linking Phrase Nodes (terms or concepts) Linking Phrase needs a Linking lines (usually with a unidirectional arrow) charge Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking phrases Propositions A Concept Map Includes: KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

24. Some basics about Concept Map Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Linking Phrase Propositions “The basic unit of meaning in a concept map and the smallest unit that can be used to judge the validity of the relation (line) drawn between two concepts” Ruiz-Primo and Shavelson, 1996 Propositions KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

25. Some basics about Concept Map What are Propositions? • concept maps constructed of propositions (two concepts connected by a short linking phrase) which are the unit of meaning (perhaps analogous to sentence) • the brief linking phrase describes the relationship between the two concepts • anyone can draw lines between words, but connecting these with a phrase creates the window into understanding

26. Assessing a Concept Map Refer Pg 5

27. Assessing Concept Maps • Assessing and evaluating concept Maps • Summative assessments • Formal assessments designed to determine what students do and do not know • Formative assessments • Informal assessments designed to check on students’ progress

28. Items Commonly Assessed • were the correct concepts or nodes identified? • do the lines and arrows correctly link concepts together into clusters or hierarchies? • do the propositions or statements on the lines between concepts accurately describe how two concepts are related? • how detailed are the resources or elaborative examples attached to the concepts (e.g., Web links, articles, annotations, notes, excerpts cut and pasted from a class discussion board, etc.)

29. Scoring Methods (McClure, Sonak & Suen, 1999) • were the correct concepts or nodes identified? • do the lines and arrows correctly link concepts together into clusters or hierarchies? • do the propositions or statements on the lines between concepts accurately describe how two concepts are related? • how detailed are the resources or elaborative examples attached to the concepts (e.g., Web links, articles, annotations, notes, excerpts cut and pasted from a class discussion board, etc.)

30. Some basics about Concept Map Basis of Concept Maps General Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Specific KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

31. Structural Scoring Novak Scoring Protocol hierarchical structure, concept-links, cross-links, and examples

32. Relational Scoring Quality or importance of each individual concept-link, without regard to the overall structure of the map, e.g. one point for each correct link and proposition. Modified relational scoring where, concept-links, cross-links, and examples were assessed using the following scale (West, et al) : invalid relationship between concepts (0 points); valid relationship between concepts but propositional label is incorrect (1 point); valid relationship and propositional label correct but lacks foundational or core relationship to subject matter (2 points); and valid relationship and propositional label and foundational or core relationship apparent (3 points). KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

33. Scoring A Concept map Relational Scoring Structural Scoring KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

34. Scoring A Concept map 1. STRUCTURAL SCORING Propositions (if valid) Score = 1 X ? = ? Hierarchies (if valid) Score = 5 X ? = ? Cross-links (if valid) Score = 10 X ? = ? Examples (if valid) Score = 1 X ? = ? Total Score ? 2. RELATIONAL SCORING Is there any relationship between the concepts of the proposition? Does the label indicate a possible relationship between the concepts of the proposition? Does the direction of the arrow indicate an hierarchical, causal, or sequential relationship between the concepts of the proposition that is compatible with the label? YES YES 0 1 YES NO NO 2 3 NO

35. Holistic Scoring Scoring Rubrics (1) link1

36. Scoring Rubrics (2) link2 Refer Exercise Pg 7

37. 5. Creating a Concept Map Refer Pg 8

38. Stages in Creating A Concept Map Brainstorming Stage Organizing Stage Layout Stage Linking Stage Revising Stage Finalizing Stage 5-Jan-20 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop 38

39. Stages in Creating A Concept Map 1. Brainstorming Stage Find a focus question. Make a list of terms, a single word or a phrase by going through your notes. Make a list of these items and print them neatly. Your objective here is to generate the largest possible list you can. 5-Jan-20 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop 39

40. Stages in Creating A Concept Map 2. Organizing Stage Spread concepts on a table or whiteboard so that all can be read easily Create groups and sub-groups of related items. Try to group items to emphasize hierachies. Identify terms that represent higher categories and add them. Feel free to rearrange items and introduce new items omitted initially. Some concepts will fall into multiple groupings. This will become important in the linking stage. 5-Jan-20 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop 40

41. Stages in Creating A Concept Map 3. Layout Stage Arrange terms so that they represent your collective understanding of the interrelationships and connections among grouping. Use a consistent hierarchy in which the most important concepts are in the center or at the top. Within subrouping, place closely the items in a simple sentence that shows the relationship between them. Feel free to rearrange things at any time during this phase. Do not expect your layout to be like that of other groups. 5-Jan-20 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop 41

42. Stages in Creating A Concept Map 4. Revising Stage Carefully examine the draft concept map. Rearrange sections to emphasize organization and appearance Remove or combine items to simplify. Consider adding colour or different fonts. Discuss any aspects where opinions differ. 5-Jan-20 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop 42

43. Stages in Creating A Concept Map 5. Finalizing the Concept Map After your group has agreed on an arrangement of items that conveys your understanding, convert the concept map into a permanent form that others can view and discuss. Be creative in a constructive way through the use of colours, fonts & shapes. 5-Jan-20 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop 43

44. Stages in Creating A Concept Map 6. Evaluating Concept Maps Accuracy and Thoroughness: Are the concepts and relationships correct? Are important concepts missing? Are misconceptions apparent? Organization: Is the concept map laid out in a way that higher order relationships are apparent and easy to follow? Does it have a title? Appearance: Is the assignment done with care showing attention to details such as spelling? Is it neat and orderly or is it chaotic and messy? Creativity: Are there unusual elements that aid communication or stimulate interest without being distracting? 5-Jan-20 44 KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

45. Best Practice Advice • Give students a clear focus question to guide their maps • “Describe the forces affecting a mass hanging on a spring.” • Let them know what you expect to see! • Never ask students to memorize and replicate a given map—this works against meaningful learning • Concept mapping is less about the structure of the map and more about communicating ideas in a different format KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

46. Implementing what you have learned? Link step by step How to???? Refer Pg 10 HAVE COURAGE AND GO FOR IT!

47. 6. Electronic ToolsAvailable to SupportConcept Mapping Refer Pg 9

48. Concept Mapping Software Inspiration/Kidspiration is good but expensive SmartIdeas is provincially licensed CMapTools is free, powerful, collaborative Compendium is a knowledge and concept mapping tool. FreeMind is a mind mapping application written in Java VUE concept mapping tool to organize, visualize, and present ideas. XMIND is a concept mapping tool, a mind mapping tool, and also a fishbone chart tool. KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

49. Link to http://cmap.ihmc.us/conceptmap.html KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop

50. Let’s get started with cMap Tools Please refer to article 1, pg 26-33 Open Cmap (IHMC Cmap Tools) • Double click to create your first concept • Double-click your mouse anywhere in this window to create your lead concept and enter the text “Sandwich.” • Next, click your mouse outside the oval Sandwich box to deselect it, move the mouse back inside the box and click again. This brings up two arrow lines KMS_Concept Mapping Workshop