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7.2 Organelles

7.2 Organelles. Important Tips:. Organelles-little organs Structures that carry out a certain function Cytosol -liquid portion of the cell Mostly water Many metabolic reactions take place here Contain macromolecules Cytoplasm-portion of cell outside the nucleus

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7.2 Organelles

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  1. 7.2 Organelles

  2. Important Tips: • Organelles-little organs • Structures that carry out a certain function • Cytosol-liquid portion of the cell • Mostly water • Many metabolic reactions take place here • Contain macromolecules • Cytoplasm-portion of cell outside the nucleus • Includes organelles and cytosol

  3. Nucleus • Brain of the cell • Houses the DNA (DNA has the instructions to make protein and other molecules) • Nuclear envelope-surrounds the nucleus • Has pores to allow certain things to enter and leave • Nucleolus-small region in the nucleus • Makes ribosomes • What does it look like? • Large circle in the middle of the cell • Plant and animal

  4. Ribosomes • Makes proteins • Orders to make proteins come from the nucleus • Can be free floating in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum • What does it look like? Dots • Plant and animal

  5. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Rough ER-makes protein due to ribosomes attached • Packages protein too • Looks like tubes with dots on surface • Smooth ER-metabolizes cholesterol; membrane synthesis; detoxification; stores calcium • No ribosomes attached • Looks like tubes • Plant and animal

  6. Golgi apparatus • Where proteins go after er • Modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from er for storage in cell or secretion • What does it look like? • Pancake stacks • Plant and animal

  7. Lysosomes • Contains enzymes • Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates • Digests useless organelles • Enzymes come from the golgi • What does it look like? • Small circles • Animal and some plants

  8. Vacuoles • Storage compartments • Plants have a large central vacuole • Vacuole fills up with water and presses against the cell wall • Creates a square shape and rigid structure • Paramecium • Contractile vacuole • Pumps out excess water

  9. Mitochondria • Powerhouse of cell • Creates cellular energy through a process called cellular respiration • Has its own DNA that you inherit from your mom • Looks like a jelly bean or kidney bean • Plants and animals

  10. Chloroplast • Only in plants • Filled with chlorophyll (green pigment) • Carry out photosynthesis • What do they look like? Watermelons • Have DNA

  11. Cytoskeleton • Structures that provide shape, support, and movement • Microfilaments • Provide structure • Actin in muscles • Movement • Amoebas • Microtubules • Maintain cell shape • Help to separate chromosomes in mitosis • Movement • Cilia and flagella

  12. Peroxisomes • Filled with enzymes • Animals-Get rid of toxic substances that the cell produces (like hydrogen peroxide which builds up in the liver) catalase here • Plants-convert fatty acids to sugar and help the chloroplasts

  13. Cell Wall • Extra boundary around the plant cell • Outside of membrane • Gives plant shape, rigid structure, and protection

  14. Questions • 1. Plants/animals do not have chloroplasts • 2. How is a cell like a factory? Every organelle has an important function in the assembly of molecules • 3. Vacuole in plants allow the plant to support structures likes flowers and leaves • 4. Mitochondria provide the energy or power for the cell in the form of ATP. • 6. E • 7. B

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