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Are You addicted?

Are You addicted?. Substance Use and College Life. Trends. Binge drinking is 5 or more drinks in a row. Over 20% of high school seniors report having binge drank in the last two weeks. Monitoring the Future Survey, 2012. Trends.

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Are You addicted?

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  1. Are You addicted? Substance Use and College Life

  2. Trends • Binge drinking is 5 or more drinks in a row. • Over 20% of high school seniors report having binge drank in the last two weeks. • Monitoring the Future Survey, 2012

  3. Trends • Around 40% of college students engage in binge drinking frequently enough that they might qualify for the diagnosis “Alcohol Use Disorder” the proposed diagnosis for the DSM 5.

  4. Trends • In 2010, approximately 10% more college students consumed alcohol in the past 30 days than non-college students in the same age group. (63% vs. 52%) • Since 2002 there has been a slight increase in binge drinking and drinking and driving amongst college students. • Hart & Ksir, 2013

  5. Trends • Approximately 45% of high school seniors report having used marijuana before graduation.

  6. Trends • Approximately 7% report using marijuana daily. • Monitoring the Future Survey • These numbers are expected to be equal or higher for college students.

  7. Trends • Approximately 24% of high school seniors report lifetime use of any other illicit drug other than marijuana. • Monitoring the Future Survey

  8. Trends • Common drugs of abuse on college campuses excluding Marijuana include Amphetamines (Adderall, Ritalin, etc) Prescription pain medication, Xanax,, and Cocaine.

  9. College Stress • College students experience Acute Stress (Midterm / Final Exams). • College students experience Chronic Stress (Competitive nature of college / getting into Grad School). • Substance use may be perceived as a way to cope with this stress, • But, it eventually may become a stressor in itself.

  10. Campus Living • The frequency of binge drinking more than doubles when high school seniors go off to college, moving out of their parents home. • There is very little change for those who live at home and commute when transitioning from high school to college. • Steinberg, L.

  11. Are You Addicted? • The use of a substance within a given year that results in three or more of the following (DSM-IV-TR, 2004): • Tolerance; • Withdrawal; • Increased consumption over a longer period of time than intended; • A continued desire to cut down or control use; • A lot of effort given toward obtaining the substance; • Social, work, or recreational activities diminish as a result of use; • Use continues despite having recurrent physical and psychological problems.

  12. Are You Addicted? • Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test • http://counsellingresource.com/lib/quizzes/drug-testing/alcohol-mast/ • Self test, reliable, high validity

  13. Are You Addicted? • CAGE: • Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking? • Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking? • Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking? • Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady nerves or get rid of a hangover? • Scoring: Two or three affirmative answers indicate a drinking problem. Four positive answers indicate alcoholism.

  14. The Narcotics Anonymous “Am I An Addict” Brochure Questions: • Do you ever use alone? • Have you ever substituted one drug for another, thinking that one particular drug was the problem? • Have you ever manipulated or lied to a doctor to obtain prescription drugs? • Have you ever stolen drugs or stolen to obtain drugs? • Do you regularly use a drug when you wake up or when you go to bed? • Have you ever taken one drug to overcome the effects of another? • Do you avoid people or places that do not approve of you using drugs? • Have you ever used a drug without knowing what it was or what it would do to you? • Has your job or school performance ever suffered from the effects of your drug use? Red highlighting for discussion purposes only.

  15. The Narcotics Anonymous “Am I An Addict” Brochure Questions: • Does using interfere with your sleeping or eating? • Does the thought of running out of drugs terrify you? • Do you feel it is impossible for you to live without drugs? • Do you ever question your own sanity? • Is your drug use making life at home unhappy? • Have you ever been arrested as a result of using drugs? • Have you ever lied about what or how much you use? • Do you put the purchase of drugs ahead of your financial responsibilities? • Have you ever tried to stop or control your using? • Have you ever been in a jail, hospital, or drug rehabilitation center because of your using?

  16. The Narcotics Anonymous “Am I An Addict” Brochure Questions: • Have you ever taken drugs you didn’t prefer? • Have you ever used drugs because of emotional pain or stress? • Have you ever overdosed on any drugs? • Do you continue to use despite negative consequences? • Do you think you might have a drug problem? • Have you ever thought you couldn’t fit in or have a good time without drugs? • Have you ever felt defensive, guilty, or ashamed about your using? • Do you think a lot about drugs? • Have you had irrational or indefinable fears? • Has using affected your sexual relationships?

  17. Are You Addicted? • Addiction isn’t exclusively about substances. • Many who work in the field of addiction treatment recognize Process Addictions • Process Addictions include Exercise, Gambling, Sex, Shopping, Food, and Internet addictions, among potential others. • Berry, Ramnath, 2012

  18. Are You Addicted? • Do you have an excessive preoccupation with the activity? • Do you experience tension, buildup, or anxiety prior to engaging in the activity? • Do you experience euphoria, excitement, relief, or gratification during or after engagement? • Have social, academic, or occupational roles been affected by this behavior? • Do you continue to engage in these activities despite negative consequences? • Are you unable to stop the behavior? • Berry, Ramnath, 2012

  19. References • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). • Berry, W.; Ramnath, R. (2012). Addiction: a human experience. • Hart, C.; Ksir, C. (2013). Drugs, society, and human behavior; (15th edition) • Monitoring The Future Survey. (2012). The University of Michigan. Retrieved from: http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/data.html • Narcotics Anonymous Brochure “Am I an addict”. • Steinberg, L. (2011). Adolescence. • Szalavitz, M.(2013).Mental health manual changes may turn binge drinkers into mild alcoholics.TIME.com. Retrieved from: http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/24/health/dsm-alcohol-time/index.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+rss/cnn_health+(RSS:+Health)&utm_content=Google+Reader • Photo Credit Alexi Berry

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