BODY MECHANICS

1. BODY MECHANICS The way in which the body moves and maintains balance with the most efficient use of all its parts

2. Reasons for using correct body mechanics • Muscles work best when used correctly • Correct use of muscles makes lifting, pulling, pushing easier • Prevents unnecessary fatigue and strain • Saves energy • Prevents injury to self

3. Eight basic rules of good body mechanics • Maintain broad base of support • Bend from hips & knees to get close to object • Keep back straight • Use strongest muscles of arms/legs • Avoid twisting body while working • Avoid bending for long periods • Get help if object too heavy • Use equipment to help lift & move pts

4. Back Supports • Wear during lifting or moving pts • Supposed to help prevent back injuries • Must be correct size • Must be snug

5. Transfer from bed to wheelchair http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBVqxwggZ3U

6. Preventing Accidents & Injuries

7. OSHA-Occupational Safety & Health Administration • Establishes & enforces safety standards for workplace • Two main standards for health care: • Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemical Standard • Bloodborn Pathogen Standard

8. Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemical Standard • Employers must inform employees of all chemicals & hazards • Must provided Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all hazardous products • Info about chemical • Protection or precautions for handling • Spills, clean up, & disposal procedures • Emergency first aid procedures • All employers must train employees

10. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard • Protection of health care providers from diseases caused by exposure to body fluids • Blood • Urine & stool • Semen & vaginal secretions • CSF • Saliva, mucus • Three disease can be contracted • HBV • HCV • HIV

11. Equipment & Solutions Regulations • Never use solutions from unlabeled bottles • Read labels of solutions at least 3 times • Read before using, during use, and after use • Make sure you have correct solution • Do not mix solutions together unless instructed to do so • Avoid contact of solutions with skin or eyes

12. Equipment & Solutions Regulations • Do not operate equipment until instructed on how to use it • Report damaged or malfunctioning equipment-DO NOT USE • Do not use frayed or damaged electrical cord or if third prong of plug broken off

13. Patient Safety Regulations • Do not perform any procedures on patients unless you have been instructed and have proper authorization • Ask questions if you do not understand • Provide privacy for all patients

14. Patient Safety Regulations • Identify the patient • Check identification wrist band • Repeat the name at least twice • Check the name on patient’s bed or record • Explain the procedure • Observe patient closely during any procedure

15. Patient Safety Regulations • Check patient environment for safety hazards • Observe all safety checkpoints before leaving patient in bed • Patient in comfortable position • Side rails elevated • Bed lowest level to floor • Wheels locked • Call signal within easy reach • Area neat and clean with no safety hazards

16. Personal Safety Regulations • Use correct body mechanics • Wear required uniform • Walk in hallways-do not run • Report any injury or accident • Report any unsafe conditions • Keep all areas neat and clean • Wash hands frequently • Wear PPE • Avoid horseplay & jokes • Solutions coming into contact with eyes or skin should be flushed with water & reported • Particle in eye-don’t try to remove; report to supervisor

17. Preventing Needle Sticks • Be careful when handling-most sticks occur from carelessness • Dispose of all sharps in a puncture-resistant sharps container • Never recap, bend, or remove dirty needles • Never carry sharps with tips toward others or self • Never hand sharps across a patient • Immediately clean puncture wound and cover • Report incident to supervisor

18. Maintaining Client Safety • Injury due to falls is a major problem in health care • Health care providers must anticipate potential falls and take steps to avoid injuries

19. Categories of Falls • Falls on same level: • tripping, • bumping, • slipping • Falls on different levels: • misjudging a distance, • overreaching, • inadequate ambulation equipment, • inadequate training or instructions

20. Reducing the Risk of Falls • Provide handrails • Keep floors clean & uncluttered • Keep floors dry • Remove excess equipment • Clear electrical wiring & cables • Provide gait belts for patients • Be prepared to brake fall of client while maintaining personal safety

21. Fire Safety • Three things needed to start a fire: • Oxygen: found in the air • Fuel: any material that will burn • Heat: sparks, matches, flames

22. Fire Safety • Causes of fires: • Smoking and matches: major cause • Misuse of electricity • Defects in heating systems • Spontaneous ignition • Improper rubbish disposal • Arson

23. Fire Safety • Preventing Fires: • Be alert to causes of fires • Obey “NO Smoking” signs-most facilities now smoke free • Extinguish matches, cigarettes, flammables • Dispose of all waste in proper containers • Handle electrical equipment carefully • Store flammable materials in proper containers and in safety cabinets • Get rid of clutter

24. Fire Safety • Precautions when O2 in use • Post “No Smoking-Oxygen in Use” sign • Remove all smoking materials, candles, matches from room • Avoid us of electrical equipment • Do not use flammable liquids • Avoid static electricity

25. Fire Safety • Classes of Fire Extinguishers • Class A • Contains pressurized water • Used on paper, cloth, wood • Class B • Contains carbon dioxide • Used on flammable liquids • Class C • Contains Potassium bicarbonate or chloride • Used on electrical fires/burning liquids • Class ABC • Contains graphite-type chemical • Multipurpose-for all types of fires

26. R A C E • Rescue • Alarm • Contain • Extinguish

27. Discharging the Extinguisher • P • pull the pin • A • aim • S • squeeze • S • Sweep • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUojO1HvC8c

28. Fire rules in the Health Care Facility • #1: Remain calm • If your personal safety is endangered-get out • Move all patients/personnel in immediate danger • Activate alarm • Close all doors/windows • Know location/use of extinguishers • Shut off electrical equipment and oxygen • Never use elevators