Chapter 9 Test Review

1. Chapter 9 Test Review

2. Washington Takes Office • Washington was inauguratedon April 30, 1789 in New York City • Judiciary Act 1789established a system of courts and 1 Chief Justice and 5 associate justices in the Supreme Court • He provided precedents, or examples for future presidents • Leaving after 2 terms in office • Selection of Cabinet members • Choosing to be called “Mr. President”

3. Reducing the Nation’s Debt • Secretary of Treasury, Hamilton tried to reduce the national debtby buying up bonds that had been issued before 1789 • Madison feared speculators would be rewarded • Compromise – move nation’s capital to Washington D.C. and repay state debts

4. Plans to Rebuild the Economy • Hamilton called on Congress to establish the Bank of the United States • He asked Congress to encourage American manufacturing by placing a tariffon imported goods • Southern farmers opposed Hamilton’s plan – a lower tariff is passed • Pennsylvania farmers rebel in response to a tax on whiskey – the militia and government were strong and could deal with a crisis

5. The French Revolution • 1789 – French citizens storm the Bastille and the Revolution begins • The French are fighting for liberty and equality and gain American support • During the Reign of Terror, Louis XVI is executed • U.S. support is divided due to violence – Jefferson supports/Federalists oppose violence

6. Struggle to Remain Neutral • 1793 – Britain captures 250 American ships trading in the West Indies • Britain and France are at war and France wants U.S. support (former ally) • Chief Justice John Jay negotiates a treaty (Jay’s Treaty) • Britain pays for damages to ships • Britain gives up forts in the West • Americans pay back debts to British merchants • No agreement is made to stop seizing ships in the future • Washington warns against foreign alliances in his Farewell Address

7. Hamilton (Federalist) Government should encourage manufacturing Favored a strong federal government Established the Bank of the United States Close ties with Britain Tariffs to reduce the national debt Jefferson (Republican) Farmers were the backbone of the nation Develop the land and agriculture A small federal government to protect individual rights No national bank Favored France, America’s first ally Political Parties Form

8. Important People and Terms • George Washington • John Jay • Thomas Jefferson • Alexander Hamilton • Neutrality Proclamation • Jay’s Treaty • Whiskey Rebellion • Washington’s Farewell Address • Neutrality Proclamation • Inauguration • Precedent • Cabinet • National debt • Bond • Speculator • Tariff • Foreign policy • Neutral • Unconstitutional