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This article explores the reasons, timing, and implementation of smart specialisation strategies, highlighting their role in addressing societal challenges, promoting innovation, and facilitating structural change. The article also discusses the importance of networking, cooperation, and creative destruction in achieving smart specialisation. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for balancing self-organization with policies and embedding smart specialization in larger EU goals and instruments.
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Onpolicyspaces of smart specialisationstrategies Frank van Oort
Dominique Foray’s smart specialisation: • Why? • When? • What (about)? • How? • And, so-what?
Why smart specialisation? (1) Overcoming fragmentation(2) Facilitating structural change(3) Promoting innovation(4) Addressing societal challenges (EU Agenda’s)(5) Becoming (internationally) competitive
Overcoming fragmentation smartly (1) Excellence: niches, smart diversification, competitivenessBut also: (2) Scaling-up: TEN-T corridors, polycentricty, Urban Agenda(3) Cooperation: 3 or 4 Helix, Juncker (EFSI) investment plan(4) Redistribution: cohesion policy, migration(5) Networking: trade, knowledge, FDI(6) Creative destruction and speed: resilience, transitions(7) Not overcoming fragmentation
When smart specialisation? Cluster, industry or activity life cycle Avoid the structural adjustment phase So when: always
What (about)? (1) Diversification (from existing and horizontal)(2) Cross-overs (fromexisting and horizontal)(3) Skills, activities, ecosystem (people- and system based)(4) Up-scaling of pop-ups (with help of existing)(5) Transitions (everywhere)(6) Identification of goodpop-ups (what is benchmark?)(7) Smart networkpositions (trade, FDI, knowledge: value-chains)(8) Inequalities (regional)(9) Institutions (formal and informal)(10) Fromgovernment to governance (self-organisation)
How? (1) … to identify and prioritisegoodentreprneurialopportuinities?(2) … balanceself-organisationwithsystems and policies?(3) … balanceplace-based, people-based and network-basedpolicies?(4) … embed S3 in larger EU-goals and policyinstruments?(5) … balancepop-uppolicies and policymakerswithcontinuousstructural reform?
Ostergötland ”Smart specialisation is a method for prioritising development projects that boosts companies and thus a region’s competitiveness. Real competitiveness leads to increased attractiveness, which is an efficient shortcut to growth”.
And, so what? * Lagging regions* Resilience* Moving towards technological and societal frontiers? (“go with the flow”)* Moving the frontiers? (“surfing the waves”)* Institutions and governance* Competitiveness, cities, ERA, Cohesion* Smartspec is not “home alone”
Untapped potential of S3 in other overcome-fragmentation discussions!
The Smart Specialisation discussion (1) Implementation ahead of policy ahead of science(2) In Prague (2015) we dared to say we do not know (everything)(3) Now (2016) we need tailored advice on local identification, prioritising, embedding in EU agenda’s, co-creation, orchestration(4) Transparency is not the only solution(5) We still need critical reflections from science(6) Agglomeration literature rule: “Go with the flow”? (7) Are network positions of regions smart, as there is always some flow you can tap into? “Surfing the waves”.
Even wheneverythingseems OK Growth decomposition: Growth of region i due to demand-led growth in market j Marketshare of region i in market j Growth of region i due to structural growth (gain in market share in market j) Growth of region j (the Market) Market j 70% is demand-led growth, 30% is structural growth
