SPORTS TRAINING

1. SPORTS TRAINING

2. Meaning of Sports Training: In ancient time it denotes the process of preparation of some task. Nowadays it is a process which can prolong, even months and years together for preparation of some task. The term Training is widely used in sports, sports coaching and sports scientist. Expert in sports medicine, sports biomechanics understand that sports training is basically doing physical exercise. There are several terms using in training such as strength training, interval training, technical training, tactical training etc.

3. The effect of exercise increases or decreases performance by a multiple factors such as sports equipments and implements, verbal instruction, meaning of recovery, meaning of assessment of performance capacity, nutrition. So it should not be confine to physical exercise only. Sports training therefore directly or indirectly aims at improving the personality of a sports person, no wonder sports training is an educational process. Sports training is a systemic process extending for a long period, for the best result the system of training has to based and conducted on the scientific facts.

4. DEFINITIONS OF SPORTS TRAINING: “Sports training is a planned and controlled process for achieving a goal, changes in complex sports, motor performance ability to act and behaviour are made through measures of content, method of organization”. --- Martin “Sports training is the basic form of preparation of sportsman”. ---- matwejew

5. “Sports training is a scientific base and pedagogically organised process which plan a systematic effect on performance ability and performance readiness aims at sports perfection and performance improvement as well as content in sports competition”. ---- Schnadel “Sports training is a pedagogical process based on scientific principles aiming at preparation of sportsman for higher performance in sports competition”. ---- Hardiel Singh

6. PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TRAINING:

7. Principle of formulating training on the basis of prognostic performance and its structure:- Sports training aims in achieving high performance, therefore a structure of prognostic sports performance should form the base of formulation of training. All the aims, objectives, means, methods and measures for different stage of training are to be derived from the performance capacity essential to achieve the prognostic sports performance. Performance structure is a combination of other factors like motor development, age, training stage, periodization etc. will determine the training structure.

8. 2.Principle of continuity of training:- I. Education about the importance of continuity by highlighting positive and negative effects of training. II. Performance factors develop through long process of training. III. Condition of optimum load should be created, too much or less will not effect the performance.

9. 3. Principle of progression of load:- Training load principle is based on principle stimulus for starting psychological and physiological process of adaptation with eventually leading to increase in performance capacity. Higher performance will be achieved when athlete adopt to a higher level of training. Training load can be increase by two ways:- a. Linear method ↙ b. Step method

10. 4. Principle of uniformity and differentiation:- Principle of uniformity and differentiation should be formulated uniformly, but it should be allowed for individual difference. Uniformity training helps for sporting talent. Uniformity means training should be based on same system and the principle which has workout to achieved prognostic sports performance in stage wise. The training should follow certain factors:- • Age (biological & chronological) • Sex / gender • Training state (no. of years already participated)

11. 5. Principles of progressive specialization:- This principle means, use of specific method for improved of performance. But in real training process which start from childhood and can continue up to the age of 25-30 years. • Highly specialized training is not suitable for children. (leads to pre-mature burn out or drop out) • High performance depends totally on sportsman physique and personality. • It should be mixture of general and specific means of method of training.

12. 6. Principle of planned and systematic training:- Sports training is a systematic and pedagogical process, so every stage of training should be well planned and systematic. Training system means goal oriented. • Ultimate aim of sports training. • Inter relationship among performance structure, performance capacity & training structure. • Improvement of sports performance over a long period of time. • Principle of motor development.

13. 7. Principle of cyclecity of training:- The process of sports training is formulated in shorter and longer cycle for different reasons: • Different task to be tackled simultaneously. • Certain task to be tackle again and again. • Participation in competition must be in the top form. There are three cycle- • Macro cycle:- This cycle is of 3-4 months to 1 year. • Meso cycle:- This cycle is medium duration of 3-6 weeks. • Micro cycle:- This cycle is the smallest training cycle of 3 -10 days.

14. 8. Principle of regulation of sports training:- A coach should know what kind of training effect the performance of the sportsman. If so, the training should be changed or modified to ensure proper and effective development of performance. • Training plan giving the aim, load, method etc. for different phase and training. • Training document are essential, information of load, means and method, competition period and individual profile. • Information about the level as well as rate and direction of training, so that coach can judge the effect of training for improvement of performance.