Reported Speech

1. Reported Speech Class: Ixth “A” Roll No. 21-25 Presented By:- Ravi Upadhyay (Leader Of The Group)

2. Contents Define. Basic Rules. Changes. (Like:- Tenses, Time Words, Pronoun, Verb, etc.) Use of “THAT” in Reported Speech. Examples of Reported Speech. Question. Answers.

3. Define • Reported speech (also known as indirect speech) refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English. • Reported speech doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word. • When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. "I'm going to the cinema". He said he was going to the cinema.

4. Basic Rules When changing from quoted speech to reported speech, several changes occur.  In all sentences, the quotation marks and the comma immediately before the first quotation mark are removed.  Next, the word "that" is usually inserted after the reporting verb (say, ask, told, etc.)  Then, the subject pronoun is changed so that the meaning of the quote is not changed.  Lastly, the tense of the verb is changed, or shifted.  She said, "I'm teaching English online." She said she was teaching English online.

5. Change In Tenses A.Basic tense changes As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

7. B. Other tense changes Modal verb forms also sometimes change: !Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

8. Things are slightly more complicated with imperatives.

9. You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.

10. Time and place changes Time and place references often have to change: • If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.

12. Examples: • I went to the theatre last night. He said he had gone to the theatre the night before. • I'm staying here until next week. He said he was staying there until the following week. • In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it, you must change the place (here) to the place (there). Example:

13. Change In Pronoun • In reported speech, the pronoun often changes. For example: You also need to be careful with personal pronouns. They need to be changed according to the situation. You need to know the context. For example, there is possible confusion when you try to change reported speech to direct speech: She said she'd been waiting for hours. (Is she one person or two different people?) I told them they would have to ask permission. (Are we talking about two groups of people or only one?)

14. Change In Verb becomes becomes becomes becomes

15. Use of 'That' in reported speech • In reported speech, the word “that” is often used. He told me that he lived in Greenwich. • However, “that” is optional. He told me he lived in Greenwich. • !Note – “That” is never used in questions, instead we often use “if”. He asked me if I would come to the party.

16. Examples

17. Questions • 1. “Please help me carry this” She asked me ______________________________________. • 2. “Please come early” She ______________________________________________. • 3. “Please buy some milk” She ______________________________________________. • 4. “Could you please open the window?” She ______________________________________________. • 5. “Could you bring the book tonight?” She ______________________________________________.

18. Answers • 1. She asked me to help her carry this. • 2. She asked me to come early. • 3. She asked me to buy some milk. • 4. She asked me to open the window. • 5. She asked me to bring the book tonight (that night).

19. Questions • 6. “Can you help me with my homework, please?” She ______________________________________________. • 7. “Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?” She ______________________________________________. • 8. “Would you mind passing the salt?” She ______________________________________________. • 9. “Would you mind lending me a pencil?” She ______________________________________________. • 10. “I was wondering if you could possibly tell me the time?” She ______________________________________________.

20. Answers • 6. She asked me to help her with her homework. • 7. She asked me to bring her a cup of coffee. • 8. She asked me to pass the salt. • 9. She asked me to lend her a pencil. • 10. She asked me to tell her the time.

21. Questions • 11. “Do your homework!” She told me _______________________________________. • 12. “Go to bed!” She ______________________________________________. • 13. “Don’t be late!” She ______________________________________________. • 14. “Don’t smoke!” She ______________________________________________. • 15. “Tidy your room!” She ______________________________________________.

22. Answers • 11. She told me to do my homework. • 12. She told me to go to bed. • 13. She told me not to be late. • 14. She told me not to smoke. • 15. She told me to tidy my room.

23. Questions • 16. “Wait here!” • She ______________________________________________. • 17. “Don’t do that!” • She ______________________________________________. • 18. “Eat your dinner!” • She ______________________________________________. • 19. “Don’t make a mess!” • She ______________________________________________. • 20. “Do the washing-up!” • She ______________________________________________.

24. Answers • 16. She told me to wait here (there). • 17. She told me not to do that. • 18. She told me to eat my dinner. • 19. She told me not to make a mess. • 20. She told me to do the washing-up.

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