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Drinking Water and the Lake. There are 40+ plants utilizing Lake Michigan Water Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana Sizes of 1 MGD to 1 BGD Designed for 100 year Lake lows and highs. Numerous Treatment Processes. Filtration Sand, anthracite, granular activated carbon, membranes
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Drinking Water and the Lake • There are 40+ plants utilizing Lake Michigan Water • Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana • Sizes of 1 MGD to 1 BGD • Designed for 100 year Lake lows and highs
Numerous Treatment Processes • Filtration • Sand, anthracite, granular activated carbon, membranes • Disinfectantion • Chlorine gas, bleach, chloramines, ozone, investigating ultra-violet disinfection
Excellent Water Source Regulated substances include: • Arsenic is 50 times lower than standard • Barium is 10 times lower than standard • Nitrate is 20 times lower than standard • Bacteria routinely exceed standards Over 360 other compounds are monitored and not detected.
Climatic Change Factors • Source water • Water level • Water quality • Water temperature • Water demand • Precipitation • Temperature
Lake Level Impacts • High Water Levels • Some shore facilities may require flood protection • Ability to supply water to plant may improve • Low Water Levels • Improved protection of shore facilities • Some intake may require extension
Typically 1000 – 5000’ out into the Lake Typically 25 – 40’
Primary Water Quality Impacts • Algal mass • Impacts how often filters require cleaning • Taste and odors in the Lake • Turbidity • Impacts treatment chemical usage • Sludge removal operations • Filter runs
Water Temperature • Water Production • Ice formation on intakes slows flow • Water Treatment • Coagulation and flocculation • Disinfection
Water Demand • Water production can double in the Summer • Sustained hot dry weather increases demand • Water plants sized and expanded to meet maximum flow day
Global Warming Impacts • Water Treatment • Providers are confident that potential challenges are surmountable • Water Production • Some intakes may require extension to deeper water • Most providers cautiously optimistic about impact of a one meter drop in Lake level
West Shore Water Producers Association www.wswpa.com