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Networking the Physical World

Explore the applications and challenges of networking the physical world, from monitoring environments to integrated robotics. Learn about TinyOS, MICA platforms, and UCLA's CENS research program.

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Networking the Physical World

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  1. Networking the Physical World David E. Culler University of California, Berkeley Intel Research Berkeley http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu • supported by DARPA NEST program, NSF, Intel, CITRIS and California MICRO.

  2. Number Crunching Data Storage Mainframe Minicomputer productivity interactive Workstation PC Laptop PDA New Class of Computing log (people per computer) streaming information to/from physical world year IDF Panel

  3. Itanium2 (241M ) Actuation Sensing Communication Processing & Storage I SD Q SD baseband PLL filters mixer LNA CMOS Trends: miniaturization and more nearly a thousand 8086’s would fit in a modern microprocessor IDF Panel

  4. Example uses • Monitoring Environments • habitat monitoring, conservation biology, ... • Precision agriculture, land conservation, ... • built environment comfort & efficiency ... • alarms, security, surveillance, treaty verification ... • Monitoring Structures and Things • condition-based maintenance • disaster management • urban terrain mapping & monitoring • Interactive Environments • context aware computing, non-verbal communication • handicap assistance • home/elder care • asset tracking • Integrated robotics CENS.ucla.edu IDF Panel

  5. service data mgmt network system architecture System Challenges Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things applications Store Comm. uRobots actuate MEMS sensing Proc Power technology Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world IDF Panel

  6. Services Networking TinyOS www.tinyos.net Rene 11/00 Mica 1/02 Dot 9/01 Demonstrate scale - Intel • Designed for experimentation • sensor boards • power boards • DARPA SENSIT, Expeditions NEST open exp. platform 128 KB code, 4 KB data 50 KB radio 512 KB Flash comm accelerators - DARPA NEST Open Experimental Platform to Catalyze a Community WeC 99 “Smart Rock” Small microcontroller - 8 kb code, 512 B data Simple, low-power radio - 10 kb EEPROM storage (32 KB) Simple sensors Crossbow IDF Panel

  7. TinyOS/MICA Platform Users (ca 6/02) • UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA • UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI • UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO • UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS • UNIVERSITY OF IOWA • UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS • UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN • UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME • UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CA • UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS • UNIVERSITY OF UTAH • UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA • US ARMY CECOM • USC INFORMATION SCIENCES • VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY • VIGILANZ SYSTEMS • VITRONICS INC • WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY • WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY • WILLOW TECHNOLOGIES LTD • WJM, INC • XEROX • CENS @ UCLA • ACCENTURE • ALLEN, ANTHONY • ALTARUM • BAE SYSTEMS CONTROLS • BALBOA INSTRUMENTS • CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV • CENTRID • CLEVELAND STATE UNIV • CORNELL UNIVERSITY • DARTMOUTH COLLEGE • DOBLE ENGINEERING COMPANY • DUKE UNIVERSITY • FRANCE TELECOM R&D • GE KAYE INSTRUMENTS, INC • GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV. • GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH INT • GE • GRAVITON, INC • HONEYWELL • HRL ABORATORIES • INTEL CORPORATION • INTEL RESEARCH • JPL • KENT STATE UNIVERSITY • LAWRENCE BERKELEY NAT'L • LLNL • LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB • MARYLAND PROCUREMENT • MIT • MITRE CORP. • MSE TECH. APPLICATION INC • NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CTR • NAT'L INST OF STD & TECH • NICK OLIVAS LOS ALAMOS NA • NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV • PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV • PHILLIPS • ROBERT BOSCH CORP. • RUIZ-SANDOVAL, M.E. • RUTGERS STATE UNIVERSITY • SANDIA NATIONAL LABS • SIEMENS BUILDING TECH INC • SILICON SENSING SYSTEMS • SOUTHWEST RESEARCH • TEMPLE UNIVERSITY IDF Panel

  8. Simple Technolgy, Broad Agenda • Social factors • security, privacy, information sharing • Applications • long lived, self-maintaining, dense instrumentation of previously unobservable phenomena • interacting with a computational environment • Programming the Ensemble • describe global behavior, synthesis local rules that have correct, predictable global behavior • Distributed services • localization, time synchronization, resilient aggregation • Networking • self-organizing multihop, resilient, energy efficient routing • despite limited storage and tremendous noise • Operating system • extensive resource-constrained concurrency, modularity • framework for defining boundaries • Architecture • rich interfaces and simple primitives allowing cross-layer optimization • low-power processor, ADC, radio, communication, encryption IDF Panel

  9. David Culler, sys, arch, net Kris Pister, MEMS, low-power chips/rf Jan Rabaey, pico-radio Eric Brewer, P.L., sys, app David Wagner, security Shankar Sastry, dist. ctrl, cyberinfrastructure Kannan Ramachandran, dist. coding Laurent El Ghoui, opt. Michael Jordon, alg. Dick White, sensors Bob Broderson, UWB Pravin Varaya, transport. Paul Wright (ME) design, fire, energy, power Steve Glaser (CE), structures, fire Greg Fenves (CE), earthquakes Todd Dawson (IB), eocphysiology Ed Arens (ED), built env Mary Powers (IB), conservation biology Alice Agagino (ME) ... Confluence of Talent @ UCB IDF Panel

  10. Confluence of Technologies Many devices monitor and interact with physical world Coordinate and perform higher-level tasks Networking Embedded Systems Self-organized, power-aware communication Small, untethered processing, storage, and control MEMS Mass-produced, low-power, short range, sensors & actuators Exploit spatially and temporally dense coupling to physical world IDF Panel

  11. backup IDF Panel

  12. MicroSensors • MEMS, resistive, capacitive • Accelerometer, vibration, magnetometer • Light (solar, PAR), temperature, acoustic, wind • Barometric pressure, humidity, moisture, fog, dew • Touch, force, strain • Motion, IR, occupancy • CO, CO2, ... IDF Panel

  13. A new kind of information • Streaming data from the physical world • rather than explicit creation by people • Carries a tremendous amount of potential information • what is where?, what is it doing?, how is it doing?, what else is there? • why, what is causing it to do what it is doing? • Shares many of the networking challenges in an extreme form • real time, closed-loop, lossy, compression, content-based addressing, multicast, aggregate • Plus a new set of challenges • How is it captured, categorized, index, mined, transported, shared, protected? • Energy, bandwidth, and storage constraints IDF Panel

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