Are you ready for chemistry?

1. Are you ready for chemistry?

2. Some terms: • Chemistry • The study of matter, its composition and its interactions • Matter • Anything that has mass and occupies space • Property • A characteristic

3. Physical Change • A change in which the substance changes form, but not compostion

4. Chemical change • A change in which the substance changes composition and makes something new. • http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/science9/chemistry/lesson8c.html

5. An observation that does not contain a number. Example: It is warm outside. An observation that does contain a number. Example: The temperature outside is 25C. Qualitative vs Quantitative

6. Mixture • A combination of two or more kinds of matter, in which each component retains its own characteristics.

7. A mixture in which the different components are mixed so that they appear to be a single substance A mixture in which the different components can be distinctly seen. Solution vs Heterogeneous mixture

8. Pure substance • A material that is composed of only one type of particle. (Can be an element or a compound.)

9. A pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles and retain the same properties. A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions. Element vs compound

10. The number of protons in an atom A sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of a particular element. Atomic number vs Mass number

11. Isotope • Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, giving them a different mass number.

12. Radioisotope • An unstable isotope of an element, which undergoes radioactive decay. Plutonium pellet

14. Gas Tests

15. 5 Clues that a chemical reaction has taken place: • 1. A colour change is observed. • 2. The change is difficult to reverse. • 3. Bubbles of gas are produced. • 4. Heat or light is released or absorbed. • 5. A precipitate forms when two solutions are mixed.

16. Physical or Chemical Change? • A. Rusting of metal? • Chemical • B. Dissolving of sugar? • physical • C. Water freezing? • physical • D. Burning Leaves? • chemical • E. Dynamite exploding? • chemical • F. Shattering Glass? • Physical

17. Qualitative or Quantitative • A. The flame from the burning carbon was 4 cm high. • Quantitative • B. Coal is the primary source of carbon. • Qualitative • C. The apple has a mass of 200g. • Quantitative • D. Mercury is a silver liquid at room temperature. • Qualitative

19. Calcium: • A. In what period is it located? • 4 • B. In what group is it located? • 2 • C. What is its atomic number? • 20 • D. What is its atomic mass? • 40 amu

20. Ionic Bonding Electrons are transferred from a metal to a non-metal Covalent bonding Electrons are shared between two non-metals Two main types of bonds

21. Binary Compounds • A. MgO • Magnesium oxide • B. Li3P • Lithium phosphide • C. CaBr2 • Calcium bromide • D. BaCl2 • Barium chloride • E. K2S • Potassium sulphide • F. AlN • Aluminum nitride

22. Write the word equation for each of the following: • A. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. • Magnesium + oxygen  Magnesium oxide • B. Copper (II) sulphate reacts with lithium nitrate to produce lithium sulphate and copper (II) nitrate. • Copper (II) sulphate + lithium nitrate  lithium sulphate + copper (II) nitrate

23. 5 types of chemical reactions. • 1. Synthesis • Two or more substances become one • A + B  AB • 2. Decompostion • One substance breaks down into two or more products • AB  A + B • 3. Single Displacement • One element replaces another in a compound • A + BC  AC + B or AB + C  CB + A

24. 5 types of chemical reactions • 4. Double Displacement • Two compounds switch ions. • AB + CD  CB + AD • 5. Combustion • A reaction with oxygen that produces carbon dioxide and water • Hydrocarbon + O2 H2O + CO2