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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Chapter 4. Early People of the Aegean. How did the Minoans and Mycenaean’s shape early Greek civilizations?. Minoans. Civilization based on trade Became rich from trade Built temples and painted frescos. Mycenaeans.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Chapter 4

  2. Early People of the Aegean How did the Minoans and Mycenaean’s shape early Greek civilizations?

  3. Minoans • Civilization based on trade • Became rich from trade • Built temples and painted frescos

  4. Mycenaeans • Were sea traders – reached beyond the Aegean into Sicily, Egypt, and Mesopotamia • Gained vast wealth from trade • Best remembered for their part in the Trojan War

  5. Dorians • Greek speaking people • Invaded Mycenaean’s from the north • Their invasion signified the end of Greece’s first civilization

  6. The Rise of Greek City-States

  7. How does the sea contribute to Greek commerce? • Became skilled sailors • Carried cargoes of of olive oil, wine and marble • Returned with grains, metals, ideas

  8. What effect did mountains and water have on Greek city-states? • Greeks were cut off from each other • Developed their own systems of government • Fought frequently

  9. Governing the City-States

  10. Between 750 B.C. - 500 B.C. different types of government evolved in Greece • Monarchy– a hereditary ruler exercises central power • Aristocracy – rule by landowning elite • Oligarchy – power is in the hands of a small, wealthy elite

  11. New Warfare Methods Shape Greece • By 650 BC Iron weapons replaced bronze (cheaper) • Phalanx – a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soliders

  12. Sparta: A Warrior Society

  13. Who governed Sparta? • Council of two kings • Council of elders who advised the kings • Assembly of citizens, male, non-slave, native born

  14. What was daily life like in Sparta? • Highly disciplined, difficult, little personal time • Military training began at age 7 • Boys were toughened by a strict diet, hard exercise and rigid discipline

  15. Women of Sparta • Expected to produce healthy sons for the army • Required to exercise and strengthen their bodies • Had the right to inherit property

  16. Athens Evolves into a Democracy

  17. Athens Moves Toward a Democracy • Democracy – government by the people

  18. A “limited” democracy in Athens • Only few Athenians were actual citizens • Women and slaves were excluded from government • Citizens were the only people who had a say in the government

  19. Whom did Greeks worship and how did they practice their religion? • Greeks worshipped many gods • Believed Zeus to be the most powerful • Built temples, held festivals, sacrifices, drama, and athletics

  20. What factors united the city-states of Greece? • Spoke the same language • Honored the same ancient heroes • Common festivals • Prayed to the same gods

  21. Conflict in the Greek World

  22. The Persian Wars

  23. Causes • Greek city-states along the Turkish border fell under Persian rule • Greek colonists unhappy – Athens sent weapons to help them fight against the Persians

  24. Persian Wars

  25. The Persian Wars • The Persians came three times, and fought three huge battles - Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. • Greek city-states unite to form an alliance the Delian League

  26. Athenian Democracy

  27. The Age of Pericles and Direct Democracy • Direct democracy • Council of 500 (legislature) conducted daily business • People were paid a stipend to participate in assembly • Athenians also served on juries

  28. Peloponnesian War

  29. Peloponnesian War • Many Greeks resent Athenian domination • War breaks out between Athens and Sparta • Democratic government grew corrupt • Greece fall to the Macedonians

  30. The Glory That Was Greece

  31. The Glory that was Greece

  32. Greek Philosophers

  33. Philosophy (Philosopher – lover of wisdom) • Socrates – questioned others about their beliefs • Plato – believed a rational state would be divided into three classes, wisest of all having ultimate authority, wrote The Republic • Aristotle – favored rule by a single strong and virtuous leader

  34. Socrates

  35. Arts & Architecture • Architects sought to convey a sense of of perfect balance to reflect the harmony and order of the universe • Sculptures were lifelike, yet idealistic

  36. Greek Literature • Tragedy – focused on the hardships faced by Greek hereos • Comedy – satires written to expose the flaws in society

  37. Alexander the Great and His Legacy

  38. Alexander the Great

  39. Life • Son of King Philip II • 20 years old when he became king • Faced revolts in Greece

  40. Career • Built empires in Persia, Northern Africa, central Asia • Died without naming an heir

  41. Legacy • The Hellenistic World – blended Greek culture, plus ideas from Persia, central Asia, & other regions • Women gained rights • Advances in art, literature, science and technology

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