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Fine Measurement Machines

Fine Measurement Machines. Example of relationships between science and technology/engineering.

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Fine Measurement Machines

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  1. Fine Measurement Machines Example of relationships between science and technology/engineering

  2. Investigations in science and technology/engineering involve a range of skills, habits of mind, and subject matter knowledge. The purpose of science and technology/engineering education in Massachusetts is to enable students to draw on these skills and habits, as well as on their subject matter knowledge, in order to participate productively in the intellectual and civic life of American society and to provide the foundation for their further education in these areas if they seek it. The Purpose of Science and Technology/Engineering EducationMassachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Framework Page 8: http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/scitech/1006.doc

  3. In spite of their different goals, science and technology have become closely, even inextricably, related in many fields. The instruments that scientists use, such as the microscope, balance, and chronometer, result from the application of technology/engineering. Scientific ideas, such as the laws of motion, the relationship between electricity and magnetism, the atomic model, and the model of DNA, have contributed to achievements in technology and engineering, such as improvement of the internal combustion engine, power transformers, nuclear power, and human gene therapy. The boundaries between science and technology/engineering blur together to extend knowledge. The Relationship Between Science and Technology/EngineeringMassachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Framework Page 8: http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/scitech/1006.doc

  4. Atomic Force Microscopes (AFMs) are used to make nanoscale measurements http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Atomic_force_microscope_by_Zureks.jpg

  5. An AFM generated this image of the ionic crystal lattice array of sodium chloride. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AFM_view_of_sodium_chloride.gif

  6. This example of a schematic drawing reveals some essential components of an AFM. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atomic_force_microscope_block_diagram.png

  7. Key features of an AFM include:A flexible cantilever that exerts a small amount of downward force on an object so that the object is not damaged.A mirror that creates a long pathway for reflected light to travel so that the motion of the tip at the and of the cantilever is multiplied.

  8. Analysis: Distance Multiplier Long light path and a short cantilever gives large amplification d2 laser L2 pivot point . cantilever L1 d1 The distance amplification d2/ d1 is proportional to L2/ L1

  9. The goal of today’s activity is to provide students an opportunity to: • Assemble a device that can be used to measure the thinness of an object. • Calibrate that device. • Improve the sensitivity of the device. • Determine how much the device multiplies motion. • Develop a strategy to map an uneven surface. • Construct a diagram that represents changes in the thinness of an object.

  10. Laser Pointer Ruler Hanging mass mirror Lever support A lever can also make fine measurements.The mirror at one end of the lever creates a long pathway for reflected light to travel.

  11. The reflected light beam now reaches a different point on the ruler. If a thin object moves under one end of the lever arm, it causes the lever arm to move a short distance and the point of light on the ruler moves a greater distance.

  12. The lever needs to be able to respond to subtle changes in thinness. A hanging mass can be placed in a position on the short arm of the lever so that the long lever arm does not exert a lot of downward force on the object that is being measured.

  13. The calibration reveals the relationship between the movement of the lever and the movement of the point of light on the ruler. An object of a known thinness can be used to calibrate the measurement machine.

  14. Establishing a work area. Coordinating your group’s movements with other groups. Assembling the machine. Managing the experimental procedure. Working with the laser pointer carefully. Collecting and recording data. Keeping the lever assembly stable. There will be a number of tasks for team members to share.

  15. Some important questions How was your measurement machine similar to the design of an Atomic Force Microscope? How was your measurement machine different from the design of an AFM? How can this activity effectively be integrated into the STEM curriculum?

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