One Laptop per Child (OLPC) Editing is always on Tony Forster 03 9796 8161

1. One Laptop per Child (OLPC) Editing is always on Tony Forster 03 9796 8161 (Also for the PC and Mac on a USB)

2. The XO was developed by One Laptop per Child (OLPC), a , non-profit organization created by faculty members from the MIT Media Lab The founding corporate members were Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Brightstar, Chi Lin, eBay, Google, Marvell, News Corporation, Nortel, Quanta, Red Hat, and SES Astra. http://one.laptop.org/about/faq

3. The One Laptop per Child non-profit develops a low-cost laptop—the "XO Laptop"—to revolutionise how we educate the world's children. “Our mission is to provide educational opportunities for the world's poorest children by giving each child a rugged, low-cost, low-power, connected laptop; and software tools and content designed for collaborative, joyful, self-empowered learning.”

4. Target price US$100 Current price US$180

5. Hardware features: Low power Drop proof Dust proof Splash proof Mesh wireless Daylight monochrome / backlit colour screen Low cost

6. OLPC is designed around five core principles: • Child Ownership, • Low Ages, • Saturation, • Connection, and • Free and Open Source tools http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Core_principles

7. OLPC is heavily influenced by constructionist learning principles Papert coined the word Constructionism Constructionism--the N word as opposed to the V word--shares constructivism's connotation of learning as "building knowledge structures" irrespective of the circumstances of the learning. It then adds the idea that this happens especially felicitously in a context where the learner is consciously engaged in constructing a public entity, whether it's a sand castle on the beach or a theory of the universe. Or more simply, the learner is actively involved in their learning, learning is constructed inside their head rather than transferred as a complete thing and this learning can be constructed while creating something to share

8. http://laptop.org/en/children/countries/ Something in the order of 2 million distributed OLPC Uruguay 420,000 Spanish OLPC Peru 290,000+260,000 Spanish OLPC Rwanda 120,000 English OLPC G1G1 78,500 English OLPC Argentina 60,000 Spanish OLPC Mexico 50,000 Spanish OLPC Birmingham 15,500 English OLPC Haiti 13,700 Kreyol OLPC Small groups 13,500 English OLPC Mongolia 10,100 Mongolian .........

9. http://laptop.org.au/ Map http://tinyurl.com/44looqv

10. Software - Sugar www.sugarlabs.org All open source, all viewable and editable A Python GUI On a Linux base Activities are written in Python too (Some critical code is compiled C) Educational software, primarily for the OLPC ($100 laptop) but available on other platforms, notably SOAS (Sugar on a stick) live USB

11. Getting your copy PC or Mac http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Downloads Live CD or USB is approximately a 500MB download

12. Designed for primary school age children • Single mouse click for young learners • A small (cheap waterproof) keyboard for young fingers • A flat file system • Autosaving

13. Collaborative Learning is collaborative Hardware mesh network supports collaboration Most Activities (applications) can be collaboratively edited The neighbourhood below shows a XO for each nearby laptop and a number of Activities which users have started and enabled for sharing

14. The Journal, a flat file system, a record for parents and teachers, a place to reflect

15. Open source Designed to be hacked Written in Python Open source View source Editing tools Entire laptop easily reflashed

16. Students are invited to personalise their laptops to take ownership of their learning http://codewiz.org/wiki/pictures/sugar/deployment/paraguay/caacupe/scratcheros/00003.jpg

17. Hardware too! Designed for repair by children. http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/User:Walter

18. Many educational Activities (programs or applications) The 'Home' view

19. 'Logo like' languages: Turtle Art, Scratch and Etoys To try it Get the Sugar live CD/USB at http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Downloads Or Run Turtle Art on Linux/Gnome http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4027 (the *.xo bundle is just a zip archive) Or Similar Mac/PC Java version www.turtleart.org

20. Project based learning 'Learning by doing' 'Low entry high ceiling' – easy to get started but enough to keep engaged Low entry: Drag and drop High ceiling: Infinitely hackable Bridging from drag and drop to Python in Turtle Art

21. Capture data with the microphone socket Switchable gain Switchable bias Switchable DC/AC

22. Localised into many languages Turtle Art in Spanish and German below

23. In the light of experience, thoughts on the assumptions and core values of the program ...

24. Education in the vernacular The use of Vernacular Languages in Education , UNESCO 1953, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000028/002897EB.pdf states that “education in the vernacular is in the child's best interests and does not hinder later transfer to learning in a second language” Links http://seaton-olpc-ug.org/?q=node/226 (resources for the East Timor OLPC deployment) The Australian Northern Territory government has abandoned bilingual education for Australian aborigines. http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/special_eds/20090914/language/ Noel Pearson in Radical Hope: Education and Equality in Australia (Quarterly Essay ) "In our reforms for Cape York, we propose that the time from early morning to early afternoon be dedicated to explicit instruction in basic numeracy and English literacy." P71

25. Constructionism (constructivism) There are tensions within the community between primarily constructionist software and instructionist expectations Does not easily match the curriculum (but see http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Math4Team/Florida ) Does not match the expectations of some teachers or software developers Nepal has developed their own software http://www.olenepal.org/e_paath.html E-Paath is a collection of digital education materials prepared by OLE Nepal. the Nepali language is used and the pictures and images also reflect Nepali settings based on curriculum objectives outlined by the Curriculum Development Center (CDC)

26. Teachers 2009. Activities most commonly used in the past 30 days (% relative) Teachers 2010. Activities most commonly used in the past 30 days (% relative) Browse Write Paint, Tux Paint Maze Library Record E-toys Other Evidence that constructionist use grows with time Uruguay - Evaluación del Plan Ceibal 2010 DOCUMENTO RESUMEN http://www.anep.edu.uy/anepweb/servlet/main004?403

27. Child Ownership Does not match the values of some cultures e.g. in East Timor, there is a concern that an older brother can take the laptop Ownership and take home policy are negotiated with community leaders in some deployments

28. Other studies relevant to child ownership “There is a low, significant and positive effect of the use of computers at home regarding school achievement. Furthermore, the frequent use of the computer at home impacts positively learning in science.” http://www.pisaresconf09.org/user_uploads/files/context/room2/Kluttig_Peirano_Vergara.pdf Findings revealed that Home Learning - which measured the extent of a student’s laptop use outside of school for homework in each of the four core-subject areas and for learning games—was the strongest implementation predictor of reading achievement http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/ The effect of computer use on child outcomes, a regression analysis of Romanian government computer vouchers reported a negative effect on education but I have doubts about the statistical method http://tonyforster.blogspot.com/2008/06/home-pcs-lower-education-results.html

29. Saturation Uruguay is the only country to achieve 100% saturation of government primary schools

30. Connection Children 2010. Favorite sites on the Internet (%) Games Portals* Music Videos Social Networks Other *More than half of the portals (20%)-all types-mentioned by children, providing content developed for the XO, as XOplanet or wiki.laptop.org Uruguay - Evaluación del Plan Ceibal 2010 DOCUMENTO RESUMEN http://www.anep.edu.uy/anepweb/servlet/main004?403

31. Free and Open Source tools Inability to run the Windows OS has limited uptake Uruguay education department has locked root access causing some debate

32. Free and Open Source tools 96% pass Children 2010. (5 & 6) "What grade would you give the XO?". Comparative 2009-2010 (%) The XO computer (mouse and keyboard) The programs of the XO R&B =fail (I think) MB pass? STE (D?) BR (HD?) Uruguay - Evaluación del Plan Ceibal 2010 DOCUMENTO RESUMEN http://www.anep.edu.uy/anepweb/servlet/main004?403

33. Open source is responsive A teacher in Latin America asked for a square root function in Turtle Art Within days one was added

34. http://www.sugarlabs.org/ Tony Forster tonyforster.blogspot.com 03 9796 8161

35. Getting involved Writing educational content Writing Activities Testing Debugging Translating and more ..... http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go http://lists.sugarlabs.org/listinfo/iaep

36. HARDWARE XO1.0 CPU: x86-compatible processor, clock speed: 433 Mhz; DRAM memory: 256 MB dynamic RAM Mass storage: 1024 MB SLC NAND flash XO 1.5. CPU: Via C7-M, clock speed: 400 MHz (1.5 W) to 1GHz (5 W), variable DRAM memory: 512 MB or 1 GiB dynamic RAM Mass storage: 4 GiB NAND flash in an internal microSD card