Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and Sectionalism

1. Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and Sectionalism Today’s Essential Question: What caused the growth of both nationalism and sectionalism during the Madison and Monroe administrations?

2. Vocabulary • transportation– whatever moves people or goods from place to place • nationalism– strong feelings of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country • sectionalism– placement of the interests of one’ region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole • administration – period of time during a president’s term of office • compromise – settlement in which each side gives up part of what it wants to gain the rest of what it wants

3. Check for Understanding • What is today’s Essential Question? • What form of transportation did you use most recently? • Whose administration are we in right now? • Which is more common today: nationalism or sectionalism? • How can two friends compromise when ordering a pizza to share?

4. What We Already Know Men like Robert Fulton and Henry Shreve Miller had developed steam ships that opened much of the nation’s interior to trade.

5. What We Already Know The Louisiana Purchase opened up land west of the Mississippi River to settlement, and Americans quickly began settling there.

6. What We Already Know As the plantation system spread westward into new areas, so too did slavery.

7. What We Already Know America’s ability to stand up to the British during the War of 1812 caused a huge wave of national pride to sweep across the country, even though the war itself had ended in a draw.

8. After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism swept across the United States.

9. After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism swept across the United States. • Nationalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country. • Henry Clay, from Kentucky, was the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a strong nationalist. • Clay’s goal was to make the country stronger and more unified.

10. Clay’s plan to strengthen the country and unify its regions was based on making the country more self-reliant. “Every nation should anxiously endeavor to establish its absolute independence, and consequently be able to feed and clothe and defend itself. If it rely upon a foreign supply that may be cut off . . . it cannot be Independent.” -- Henry Clay

11. Check for Understanding A ask B: Who was Henry Clay? Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House of Representatives and a strong nationalist leader from Kentucky. Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

12. Check for Understanding Nationalism is the feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one’s country. B ask A: What is nationalism? Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

13. Nationalism Unites the Country In 1815, President Madison presented a plan developed by Henry Clay to Congress. The goal of the plan, known as the American System, was to make the country economically self-sufficient.

14. Nationalism Unites the Country Clay’s plan included three main actions: • a system of protective tariffs • a national bank • a series of improvements to the country’s transportation systems (roads and canals) These are often referred to as internal improvements.

15. Check for Understanding A ask B: What was the American system? The American System was Henry Clay’s plan to make the United States economically self-sufficient. Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

16. Nationalism Unites the Country The protective tariff made European goods more expensive and encouraged Americans to buy cheaper American-made products.

17. Nationalism Unites the Country A national bank would make trade easier by promoting a single currency. In 1816, Congress passed a protective tariff and set up the second Bank of the United States.

18. Nationalism Unites the Country Improving the country’s transportation systems would contribute to a strong economy, because poor roads made transportation slow and costly.

19. B ask A: What were the three parts of Henry Clay’s American System? The three parts of Henry Clay’s American System were protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements. Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

20. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

21. 17. How would each part of Henry Clay’s American System help the economy? • A system of tariffs protected American manufacturers from foreign competition. • New roads and canals helped businesses grow. • Jobs were created for former slaves. • The new national bank helped standardize the currency. Choose the one that is NOT true!

22. Roads and Canals Link Cities • Between 1806 and 1841, Congress had funded the construction of the National Road linking Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois. • Water transportation also improved between 1825 and 1850, which is often called the Age of Canals.

23. Check for Understanding A ask B: Why are the years from 1825 to 1850 often referred to as the Age of Canals? The period was called the Age of Canals because so many canals were built during those years. Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

24. Roads and Canals Link Cities • The first canal major canal project completed was the massive Erie Canal. • The Erie Canal created a water route between New York City and Buffalo, New York. • Completed in 1825, the canal opened the upper Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region to settlement and trade.

25. The Erie Canal stimulated nationalism. The canal allowed farm products from the Great Lakes region to flow east and people and factory goods from the East to flow west.

26. Trade stimulated by the canal helped New York City become the nation’s largest city.

27. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

28. 18. What was the first major canal project in the United States? • Baltimore and Ohio Canal • Panama Canal • Main Road Canal • Erie Canal

29. 18. How did the Erie Canal help the nation grow? • It ended the West's dependence on the Mississippi River for trade. • It opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions to settlement and trade. • It made it easier for pioneers to travel to the Oregon Country. • It allowed more cotton to be shipped from the South to New England textile mills.

30. Around the 1830s, the nation began to use steam-powered trains for transportation. A New Way to Travel • In 1830, only about 30 miles of track existed in the United States. • By 1850, the number had climbed to 9,000 miles. • Improvements in rail travel led to a decline in the use of canals.

31. Check for Understanding B ask A: In addition to canals, what other new form of transportation was in use by 1830? By 1830, the nation was using steam-powered trains for transportation.

32. Check for Understanding A ask B: How did improvements in rail travel affect canals? Improvements in rail travel led to a decline in the use of canals. Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

33. The Era of Good Feelings • As nationalist feelings spread, the people’s loyalty shifted away from state governments toward the federal government. • Democratic-Republican James Monroe won the presidency in 1816 by a large majority.

34. The Era of Good Feelings • The Federalist Party provided little opposition to Monroe, and it soon disappeared. • This period without major political differences was called the Era of Good Feelings.

35. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

36. 19. Why was the period after the War of 1812 known asthe Era of Good Feelings? • The Federalists party had almost died out. • The country was no longer troubled by political differences. • The slavery question had finally been settled once and for all. • The United States had scored a clear victory over Great Britain. Choose all that are true!

37. Settling National Boundaries • President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions between the United States and Britain. • The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.

38. Settling National Boundaries • President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions between the United States and Britain. • The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes. • The Convention of 1818 set the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.

39. Check for Understanding A ask B: How did the Rush-Bagot Agreement ease tensions between the United States and Great Britain? • The Rush-Bagot Agreement eased tensions between the United States and Great Britain by limiting each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.

40. Check for Understanding B ask A: How did the Convention of 1818 ease tensions between the United States and Great Britain? • The Convention of 1818 eased tensions between the United States and Great Britain by setting the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.

41. Settling National Boundaries • Spain and the United States disagreed on the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase and the ownership of West Florida. • Pirates and runaway slaves used Spanish-held East Florida as a refuge. • The Seminoles of East Florida raided white settlements in Georgia.

42. In 1817, President Monroe ordered General Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminole raids, but Jackson also went on to claim the Floridas for the United States. When Spain protested, Monroe suggested Spain could either police the Floridas or turn them over to the United States.

43. In the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain handed Florida to the United States and gave up claims to the Oregon Country.

44. Check for Understanding B ask A: What caused tensions to grow between the United States and Spain? Tensions grew between the United States and Spain because they disagreed on the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase and the ownership of West Florida.

45. Sectional Tensions Increase At the same time nationalism was unifying the country, sectionalism was threatening to drive it apart.

46. Check for Understanding Be sure to re-state the question in your response! A ask B: What is sectionalism? Sectionalism is the placing of the interests of one’s own region ahead of those of the nation as a whole.

47. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

48. 20. What is the difference between sectionalism and nationalism? • Sectionalism is loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country. • Sectionalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country. • Nationalism is loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country. • Nationalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country. Choose TWO that are true!

49. The United States in 1820 • The Southern was relying more on cotton and slavery. • In the Northeast, wealth was based on manufacturing and trade. • In the West, settlers wanted cheap land and good transportation. The interests of these sections were often in conflict.

50. Territorial expansion threatened national unity. • At the time, the United States consisted of 11 slave states and 11 free states.