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Understanding the Urinary System: Nephrons and Functions

Explore the anatomy of the urinary system, including the kidneys, cortex, medulla, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Learn about nephrons, glomeruli, renal tubules, and the role of the kidney in urine formation and excretion.

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Understanding the Urinary System: Nephrons and Functions

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  1. Anatomy of the Urinary System Kidneys (urine formation) Lower Urinary Tract Ureters (2) Bladder (1) Urethra (1) (urine collection, storage, excretion)

  2. Cortex Glomeruli Medulla Renal tubules (with calyces forming the medulary pyramids) Ureter Takes urine to bladder Blood carried to the kidney by the renal artery and taken away by the renal vein. Cortex Medulla Renal hilum Renal artery Renal vein Renal pelvis Ureter

  3. Each KIDNEY consists of 1 million NEPHRONS Each nephron consists of a: GLOMERULUS (found in cortex) forms a protein-free filtrate from blood TUBULE (found in medulla) processes the filtrate to form urine Each TUBULE consists of several segments: Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal Tubule Collecting Ducts.

  4. Functional Unit of the Kidney is the NEPHRON Glomerulus Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Tubule Collecting Duct

  5. Kidney Functions • Regulation of water, electrolyte balance, pH • Removal of waste from blood and excretion of urine. • Secretion of hormones Erythropoietin Renin Vitamin D3

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