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ERGONOMY Dr Majid Golabadi

ERGONOMY Dr Majid Golabadi. People Are Different. People Have Physical Limitations. People Have Emotional Limitations. Terminology. ERGO = WORK NOMOUS = LAW. NIOSH :. The science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population

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ERGONOMY Dr Majid Golabadi

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  1. ERGONOMY Dr MajidGolabadi

  2. People Are Different

  3. People Have Physical Limitations

  4. People Have Emotional Limitations

  5. Terminology • ERGO = WORK • NOMOUS = LAW

  6. NIOSH: • The science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population “fitting the job to the worker”

  7. A Model Framework for Assessment of Medical Fitness for Work

  8. Ergonomics a Multidisciplinary Science

  9. انسان كار خواسته‌ها توانايي‌ها تناسب کار و انسان ارگونومی ارگونومی

  10. منافع ارگونومي • كاهش آسيب‌هاي جسمي • افزايش بهره‌وري • كاهش خطاهاي انساني /دوباره‌كاري (بهبود كيفيت) • كاهش روزهاي كار از دست‌رفته • كاهش گردش شغلي • بهبود ارتباطات

  11. The function of specialists in ergonomics is to redesign or improve • the workplace, • workstations, • tools, • equipment, • procedures of workers • and work organization so as to limit fatigue, discomfort, and injuries

  12. Payback period for ergonomic interventions 1 Year

  13. Job redesign outcome 1- Reducing risk factors for common Musculoskeletal Disorders 2- Reduction in Acute Injuries

  14. Statistics suggest that more than 30% of all occupational injuries are musculoskeletal injuries

  15. b

  16. These painful and often disabling injuries generally develop gradually over weeks, months, and years.

  17. MSDs can cause a number of conditions, including pain, numbness, tingling, stiff joints, difficulty moving, muscle loss, and sometimes paralysis. • Frequently, workers must lose time from work to recover; some never regain full health.

  18. MSDs usually result from exposure to multiple risk factors that can cause or exacerbate the disorders, not from a single event or trauma such as a fall, collision, or entanglement

  19. What causes work-related MSDs? • Work-related MSDs occur when the physicalcapabilities of the worker do not match the physical requirements of the job. • Prolonged exposure to ergonomic risk factors can cause damage a worker’s body and lead to MSDs.

  20. Ergonomic Risk Factors

  21. The physical stressors or risk factors that are associated with Work related Musculoskeletal Disorders are: • Sustained awkward postures • Static/Sustained Posture • Sustained or high forces • Rapid, repeated motions • Contact stress • Vibration • Cold environment

  22. Awkward Posture • Deviations from neutral positions. • The greater the degree of deviation, the higher the risk.

  23. Natural Posture(Standard posture) • امتداد خط مستقيم فرضي از گوش تا مچ پا • كمترين فشار بيومكانيكي و تنش به بافت‌هاي دستگاه اسكلتي ـ عضلاني • ميانه دامنه حركتي • ايمن‌ترين وضعيت بدني • حداكثر راندمان كاري

  24. THE HEAD AND NECK NEUTRAL FLEXION EXTENSION

  25. THE TORSO AND BACK FLEXED TORSO AND BACK NEUTRAL EXTENDED TORSO AND BACK

  26. THE ELBOW AND SHOULDER NEUTRAL ELBOW FLEXION ELBOW EXTENSION 90-110’ <90’ >110’

  27. THE HAND AND WRIST NEUTRAL EXTENSION FLEXION ULNAR DEVIATION RADIAL DEVIATION

  28. Static/Sustained Posture • When a worker must maintain an unsupported position for an extended period of time.

  29. The constricted blood flow reduces the supply of nutrients to the muscles and the removal of acids and other waste products away from the tissues. Reduced blood flow also slows down delivery of oxygen to the muscles

  30. End Range Posture • Refers to moving a joint as far as it will go or close to its maximum. • Stress is on the muscles, tendons and ligaments as they are stretched to end range.

  31. Improvements

  32. Forceful Exertions

  33. Forceful Exertions • The amount of work the joints, muscles, and tendons must do to perform the task. • The higher the force, the more risk of fatigue, loss of strength, and injury to muscles, tendons and joints.

  34. میزان وزن بار همیشه باید کمتر از 23 کیلوگرم باشد

  35. بهترین شرائط بلند کردن بار • باید بتوان بار را در نزدیکی بدن نگاه داشت • ارتفاع اولیه بار از زمین ، قبل از بلند کردن ، باید حدود 75 سانتیمتر باشد • تغییر مکان بار به صورت عمودی نباید از 25 سانتیمتر بیشتر باشد • امکان برداشتن بار با هر دو دست باید میسر باشد • بار باید دارای جای دست یا دسته باشد • بدن هنگام بلند کردن بار باید آزاد باشد • در هنگام بلند کردن بار نباید بدن را چرخاند • در هر 5 دقیقه نباید بیش از یک مرتبه نسبت به بلند کردن بار اقدام کرد • عمل بلند کردن بار نباید بیشتر از یک ساعت طول بکشد و پس از آن حتما باید وقفه ای جهت استراحت یا انجام کارهای سبکتر در نظر گرفته شود

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