The Communist Wars- Cold War, Korean War & Vietnam War

1. The Communist Wars-Cold War, Korean War & Vietnam War

2. The Cold War- No, it was not a very “cold” war! 

3. United States Encouraged democracy Wanted to gain access to raw materials and markets Wanted to help create more European economies Reunite Germany Soviet Union Encouraged communism Wanted to use raw materials to rebuild economy Wanted to control Eastern Europe Keep Germany divided Cold War Ideologies

5. Key Vocabulary • “Iron Curtain” • “McCarthyism” • Containment policy • Domino Theory • Marshall Plan

6. Senator Joseph McCarthy

8. Events of Cold War • Berlin Wall created • NATO/ Warsaw Pact • SEATO • Nuclear wars/ “Arms Race” • “Space Race” • Truman Doctrine

9. Events of the Cold War cont’d • Brinkmanship/Détente • U-2 incident • Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift • Kitchen Debate • 1980 Olympic Ice Hockey Game- Semifinals- US vs. USSR

10. Sputnik- October 4, 1957 (first satellite put into space)

11. During the 1950s, the Third World emerged as key arena of Cold War competition. The May 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the final battle in the First Indochina War between France and pro-independence nationalists, but laid the groundwork for U.S. involvement in the region.

12. JULY 24, 1959

13. Brezhnev and Nixon talk during Brezhnev's June 1973 visit to Washington—a high-water mark in détente between the United States and the Soviet Union.

14. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Soviet Union quickly abandoned its Cold War commitments as the state and Communist Party rule unraveled. By late 1991, opposition to Gorbachev's radical reforms had triggered the Soviet coup attempt of 1991, but the failure of the coup wound up accelerating the dissolution of the USSR. Above, Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin spar over the events of the coup, with Yeltsin accusing Gorbachev of failing to prevent the crisis. Later, Gorbachev would accuse Yeltsin of tearing the Soviet Union apart out of a desire to advance his own personal interests.

15. KOREAN WAR

16. Korean War • Background • Korea divided at the 38th parallel after World War II, ending Japanese control • Northern part- occupied by Soviet troops until 1948 • Southern part- occupied by Americans until 1949 • Truman convinced of a repeat of Germany in North Korea

17. Events of War • War began when communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, capturing the capital, Seoul • South Korea asks UN to intervene • UN Security Council voted to aid South Korea • 15 countries participated under the leadership of MacArthur • United States led the peacekeeping forces • 20 other nations eventually became involved in the war • Koreans saw it primarily as a civil war

18. General Douglas MacArthur

19. In October 1950, after routing North Korean soldiers from the southern half of the Korea Peninsula, United States general Douglas MacArthur sent troops across the 38th parallel into North Korea. In November Chinese troops entered the Korean War on the side of the North, and by early December North Korea was cleared of U.S. and South Korean troops.

20. Outcome/Legacy of the Korean War • Both countries remained divided • 5 million died in process • North Korea built collective farms and nuclear weapons, yet suffer economically and socially • South Korea prospered with massive aid from the US and grew tremendously economically

21. In July 1953 North Korea and China, allies in the Korean War, signed a truce agreement at Panmunjeom (P’anmunjŏm) with the United Nations command that had supported South Korea. The agreement ended fighting on the Korea Peninsula, but a permanent peace settlement between South Korea and North Korea has not been reached.

22. VIETNAM WAR

23. Vietnam War • Background • Once a French colony • Main cause of the war- failure of Vietnamese nationalists to gain control of southern Vietnam after their struggle with France (1946- 1954) • Ho Chi Minh • “Charlie”- Vietcong

24. Events of Vietnam War • A Divided Country • Ngo Dinh Diem- South • Ho Chi Minh- North • U.S. deployed large numbers of troops to South Vietnam between 1954 and 1973 • Ho Chi Minh Trail • Guerilla warfare • TET Offensive • War finally concluded on April 30, 1975 with the fall of Saigon

25. President Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles greet President Ngo Dinh Diem in Washington.

26. The Ho Chi Minh Trail running through Laos, 1967

27. A U.S. B-66 Destroyer and four F-105 Thunderchiefs dropping bombs on North Vietnam.

28. Le Duc Tho and Henry Kissinger (fourth and fifth from the left, respectively). Le Duc Tho and Henry Kissinger were jointly awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts in negotiating the Paris Peace Accords — a ceasefire and American withdrawal from Vietnam.

29. National Chief of Police Nguyen Ngoc Loan executes an NFL officer in Saigon during TET. Images of the killing shocked the world.

30. Kim Phuc Phan Thi, center, running down a road near Trang Bang, Vietnam, after a napalm bomb was dropped on the village of Trang Bang by a plane of the Vietnam Air Force. The village was suspected by US Army forces of being a Viet Cong stronghold. Kim Phuc survived by tearing off her burning clothes.

31. Reaction of US Home Front • First war televised where everyone could see events unfold • Americans were outraged by war and results of it • Booing soldiers upon return

32. Outcome/Legacy of the Vietnam War • Vietnam became united under communist rule • In 1972, the United States signed a strategic arms limitation treaty with the Soviet Union • Vietnam was of little economic value to any country • Media released the power they possess with showing information to the public

33. Bibliography • Wikipedia.com • Encarta.msn.com