Chapter 27 VIETNAM

1. Chapter 27VIETNAM

2. IDIOTS GUIDE • Open to pg. 6 • Read Saigon is not a Detroit Suburb

6. Read pages 904 - 909 Bullet Points pg. 929

7. Ch 27 Sec 1The War Begins • I can understand how Vietnam became a major battlefield in the war against communism

8. HO CHI MINH

9. Vietnam Time Line • 1858-1884 - France invades Vietnam, makes Vietnam a colony. • October 1930 - Ho Chi Minh helps start the Indochinese Communist Party. WHY? • To drive French out • September 1940 - Japan invades Vietnam.

10. May 1941 - Ho Chi Minh creates the Viet Minh During war Ho asks for U.S. help - Denied September 2, 1945 - Ho Chi Minh declares an independent Vietnam, Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

11. IMPORTANT ! ! ! • During WW II Roosevelt, Churchill & Stalin agree that COLONIAL powers would not take back colonies. • After Roosevelt dies, Truman afraid of commies • Has more important things to do than worry about Ho and Vietnam (or so he thinks)

12. IDIOTS GUIDE • Pg 15 • Ho Ho, Ho chi Minh

13. -January 1950 -The Viet Minh receive military advisors and weapons from China. -July 1950 -The United States pledges $15 million military aid to France . -May 7, 1954 -The French suffer a defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.

15. IDIOTS GUIDE • Pg 43 • Explanation of Truman Doctrine

16. DOMINO THEORY • U.S. sees communism as threat to world peace • Eastern Europe taken by communists after WW II • China turns communist 1949 • N. Korean Communists attack S. Korea 1950

17. DOMINO THEORY • N. Vietnamese communists defeat French 1954 THINK What happens when you knock over the first in a row of dominos? How does this apply to communism and S.E. Asia? • U.S. believes communism MUST be stopped

19. July 21, 1954 - The Geneva Accords creates a cease-fire for the peaceful withdrawal of the French from Vietnam and provides a temporary boundary between North and South Vietnam

20. Settlement in Geneva • Vietnam divided into North and South North – Communist under Ho Chi Min South – Non-communist under Ngo Dihn Diem • Elections to UNIFY country called off by Diem

21. Reaction • Organized resistance to Diem – Vietcong • North Vietnam supplied weapons • Was a terrorist organization controlled by North • U.S. supports Diem

23. More Support • Eisenhower sends money and advisors • New President, Kennedy sends more money and advisors

24. Problems • Diem’s government corrupt • Diem imprisons critics • Diem’s actions cause more people to help Vietcong

25. Reaction • Diem orders crackdown on critics • Kennedy withdraws support from Diem • South Vietnamese military, with support from U.S. C.I.A. (Central Intelligence Agency –[spies]) overthrows Diem • Diem assassinated • Kennedy assassinated – Johnson becomes President

26. Bullet Points pg. 929 Read pgs. 910 - 915

27. Ch 27 Sec 2American Involvement Grows • I can understand how the demands of greater involvement divided the nation

28. Problems • Diem gone • Unstable government • Military coups (revolts) • Many new leaders

29. Analyze • With the military concentrating on who was going to be in power, how much effort was given to fighting the Vietcong? • Who was winning at this point, the Vietcong or South Vietnam?

30. U.S. Support Grows • More money • More weapons • More advisors • Secret missions against the North RESULT More supplies to Vietcong by U.S.S.R. and China

31. GULF OF TONKIN INCIDENT • Aug. 2, 1964 – 3, N. Vietnamese gunboats shoot at U.S. destroyer. Destroyer shoots back sinks all three • Aug. 4, 1964 – Alleged second attack takes place. Believed to be bogus. • President Johnson goes to Congress and asks permission to -

32. Assist any S.E. Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by communist aggression

33. U.S.S. MADDOX

35. What is Johnson allowed to do? But, every two years he must go back to congress and ask for the money Johnson escalates the war.

36. QUESTION • Under the Constitution, only the congress can DECLARE war. • Was this a declared war? • Was this war legal?

37. Escalation • Johnson running for President in 1964 • Does not escalate immediately • Orders air strikes against N. Vietnam • March 1965 – 3,500 marines to defend Da Nang

39. Escalation • By years end (1965) 184,000 troops • 1968 – ½ million (500,000)

40. I Feel Like I’m Fixin’ to Die RagWell, come on all of you, big strong men,Uncle Sam needs your help again.He's got himself in a terrible jamWay down yonder in VietnamSo put down your books and pick up a gun,We're gonna have a whole lotta fun.

41. And it's one, two, three,What are we fighting for ?Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,Next stop is Vietnam;And it's five, six, seven,Open up the pearly gates,Well there ain't no time to wonder why,Whoopee! we're all gonna die.

42. Now come on Wall Street, don't be slow,Why man, this is war au-go-goThere's plenty good money to be madeBy supplying the Army with the tools of its trade,But just hope and pray that if they drop the bomb,They drop it on the Viet Cong.

43. And it's one, two, three,What are we fighting for ?Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,Next stop is Vietnam.And it's five, six, seven,Open up the pearly gates,Well there ain't no time to wonder whyWhoopee! we're all gonna die.Lead break X2

44. Well, come on generals, let's move fast;Your big chance is here at last.Now you can go out and get those reds'Cause the only good commie is the one that's deadAnd you know that peace can only be wonWhen we've blown 'em all to kingdom come.

45. And it's one, two, three,What are we fighting for ?Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,Next stop is Vietnam;And it's five, six, seven,Open up the pearly gates,Well there ain't no time to wonder whyWhoopee! we're all gonna die.

46. Now come on mothers throughout the land,Pack your boys off to Vietnam.Come on fathers, and don't hesitateTo send your sons off before it's too late.And you can be the first ones in your blockTo have your kid come home in a box.

47. And it's one, two, threeWhat are we fighting for ?Don't ask me, I don't give a d . . .,Next stop is Vietnam.And it's five, six, seven,Open up the pearly gates,Well there ain't no time to wonder why,Whoopee! we're all gonna die.

48. New leaders • New President in S. Vietnam • Nguyen Cao Ky (military leader) - Cracked down on protests - Cracked down on corruption - Established stability - Focus on fighting Vietcong

49. Search and Destroy • High tech weapons • Chemical weapons Napalm – Thickening jelly mixed with gasoline