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Dave McGinnis November 16 2007

Dave McGinnis November 16 2007. Motivation. Future neutrino experiments will most likely require beam power exceeding 2MW at energies of 40 GeV and above. To provide this intense beam, the proton source must be capable of providing 400kW at the 8 GeV injection energy of the Main Injector.

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Dave McGinnis November 16 2007

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  1. Dave McGinnis November 16 2007

  2. Motivation Future neutrino experiments will most likely require beam power exceeding 2MW at energies of 40 GeV and above. To provide this intense beam, the proton source must be capable of providing 400kW at the 8 GeV injection energy of the Main Injector. • The Fermilab Main Injector has the potential to provide intense energetic proton beams that can unlock discovery opportunities in neutrino physics and flavor physics. Project X Overview - McGinnis

  3. Motivation • Currently, the relatively modern Main Injector is fed protons by an aged proton source. • The current Fermilab proton source provides on the order of 30kW for the current neutrino program and has the capability of providing up to 70kW. • Space charge tune shift at injection into the Booster limits the beam power in the current Fermilab proton source • Space charge is almost completely mitigated if the proton source is replaced by an 8 GeV Linac. • The major issue of an 8 GeV injector linac is cost. • Superconducting RF technology raises economic cross-over point between a linac and a synchrotron to the few GeV range. • Fermilab Proton Driver design. Project X Overview - McGinnis

  4. Motivation • One of the key features of the superconducting 8 GeV linac is the synergy it shares with the ILC design. • Alignment of technology between Project X and the ILC would help in both directions • The 8 GeV Linac would benefit from • Enormous engineering effort being expended on the design of the ILC main linac. • Cost savings resulting from ILC industrialization, • Technological advances from ILC R&D Project X Overview - McGinnis

  5. Motivation • ILC industrialization would benefit greatly from the construction of a superconducting 8 GeV linac. • The ILC industrialization profile outlined in the RDR calls for each region • to double production capacity over a four year program • a capacity to produce 25 cryomodules per year at the end of the fourth year. • After four years, each region would have produced over 45 cryomodules. (~2% of the ILC) • The high energy end of the superconducting 8 GeV linac requires about forty ILC-like cryo-modules. • Construction of the superconducting 8 GeV linac could serve as the impetus for ILC industrialization • Added bonus of providing a strong physics program with real discovery potential. Project X Overview - McGinnis

  6. Motivation • The 8 GeV Linac should be made to look as ILC -like as possible. • Same beam parameters • 9mA with 1 ms long pulse at a rate of 5 HZ • Same configuration • cryomodules for b = 1 • RF distribution for b=1 • Cryogenic distribution for b=1 • But 2 MW requires 150x1012 protons every 1.4 seconds at 120 GeV • 24 mA x 1.0 mS = 150x1012 protons (more klystrons) • 9 mA x 2.6 mS = 150x1012 protons (longer pulse length) • 9 mA x 1.0 mS = 56x1012 electrons (ILC) Project X Overview - McGinnis

  7. Recycler as a Proton Accumulator • A holding or accumulation ring inserted between the 8 GeV Linac and the Main Injector can reduce the charge/pulse of the 8 GeV Linac to the same charge/pulse of the ILC linac. • Feed consecutive pulses of beam from the 8 Gev Linac into the Recycler every 0.2 seconds (5Hz) • The H- linac beam is stripped in the Recycler • Each Linac pulse is over-laid on top of the previous Linac pulse be re-energizing the stripping system. • Three Linac pulses is 150x1012 protons • Extract beam from the Recycler and load the Main Injector in a single turn Project X Overview - McGinnis

  8. Project X Layout 120 GeV fast extraction spill 1.5 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec 2 MW 8 GeV extraction 1 second x 2.25 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec 200 kW Recycler 3 linac pulses/fill Main Injector 1.4 sec cycle 8 GeV H- Linac 9mA x 1 msec x 5 Hz Stripping Foil Single turn transfer @ 8 GeV 0.6-8 GeV ILC Style Linac 0.6 GeV Front End Linac Project X Overview - McGinnis

  9. Start injection Stripping foil End 1st injection End 2nd injection Closed orbit movement End 3rd injection Move off foil Foil (injected beam) Closed orbit H- Injection Project X Overview - McGinnis

  10. 8 GeV Physics Program • The other advantage to stripping in the Recycler is that the stripping system is available to the Linac while the Main Injector is ramping. • There is 0.8 seconds left before the Recycler needs to be reloaded for the Main injector • Load and spill 4 pulses for an 8 GeV physics program • Upgrade Paths • 9 mA x 1 ms x 5 Hz = 360 kW at 8 GeV • 9 mA x 3 ms x 10 Hz = 2100 kW at 8 GeV • 27 mA x 1 ms x 10 Hz = 2100 kW at 8 GeV Project X Overview - McGinnis

  11. Proton Flux Project X Overview - McGinnis

  12. Proton Beam Power Project X Overview - McGinnis

  13. What is Project X? • The basic scheme is an 8 GeV linac operating with ILC-like parameters (9mA x 1mS x 5Hz) • 0.6 GeV Front End linac • 0.6 – 8 GeV ILC style linac • Stripping and accumulation in the Recycler • Beam distributed • to the Main Injector for acceleration to (up to) 120 GeV • to an 8 GeV program. • Components • 0.6 GeV Front End linac + 0.6 – 8 GeV ILC style linac • 8 GeV transfer line and H- Injection • Recycler as a proton accumulator and stripping ring • Extraction system form the Recycler • Main Injector • 120 GeV Targeting system Project X Overview - McGinnis

  14. Schedule • 2008: CD-0 • Assume the decision for CD-0 will be quick since this is the only US accelerator project. • 6 months of design work & 100 page report is enough. • 2009: • Work on (engineering) design report. • Start R&D (MI cavities, stripping laser, RFQ, ...) • 2010: • Finish design report. CD-1. • R&D on production scale. • R&D should be 30% of project costs • 2011: • Preliminary Engineering Design Funding • CD2 and CD3 • 2012: Real funding starts: 25% of project funding • 2013: More construction: 35% • 2014: "Finish" construction 35% • 2015: Commissioning & retrofits 5% of project Project X Overview - McGinnis

  15. Project X Report for the Steering Group http://projectx.fnal.gov/AACReview/ProjectXAacReport.pdf Project X Overview - McGinnis

  16. Project X Report • Realistic expectations of what could be done competently on a month’s time-scale. • For the August 8 AAC meeting • A short report that • outlines the concept • possible operating parameters. • Major technical issues are discussed. • There are no show–stoppers with these issues. • A plan for future work is outlined. • Report located at: • http://projectx.fnal.gov/AACReview/ProjectXAacReport.pdf

  17. Project X Report Acknowledgements • To proceed quickly on this report, we assembled a team composed mostly of Fermilab personnel. • But, this report relies heavily on • Proton Driver Design report • HINS R&D collaboration • RIA collaboration • To move forward on Project X, we will require to continue to rely on the strong collaborative efforts with: • Argonne National Lab • Brookhaven National Lab • Lawrence Berkeley National Lab • We will also need to develop collaborations with other partners as well: • SLAC, SNS, JLAB, Cornell, MSU,…

  18. Workshop Project X Overview - McGinnis

  19. Workshop Objectives • The purpose of the workshop is to: • discuss accelerator physics and technology issues of Project X • explore possible areas of overlap and interest with • various particle accelerator laboratories • Universities • Workshop talks at Project X website • Projectx.fnal.gov • About 170 people attended the workshop • ~40% from outside Fermilab • ANL,BNL,LBL,SLAC,SNS,JLAB,MSU,NIU, Cornell,Univ. of Maryland, MIT-Bates, Univ. of Illinois, Cockroft Institute, Muon's Inc, Thales Corp., Univ. of Texas, Purdue Univ, Univ. of Iowa, INFN, LLNL, Univ. of Delhi, Tech - X Corp, Indiana Univ., IIT, Barnard College, GE Healthcare Project X Overview - McGinnis

  20. Workshop Organization • The workshop was broken into 5 groups: • Low Energy Linac (325 MHz) • Chairs: Peter Ostroumov (ANL) & Bob Webber (FNAL) • High Energy Linac (1.3 GHz) • Chairs: Chris Adolphsen (SLAC) & Sergei Nagaitsev (FNAL) • Recycler Ring (Transport, Stripping, & Accumulation) • Chairs: Thomas Roser (BNL) & Alex Valishev (FNAL) • Main Injector Ring • Chairs: John Corlett (LBL) & Valeri Lebedev (FNAL) • 120 GeV Targeting • Chairs: Nick Simos (BNL) & Mike Martens (FNAL) • We spent ~6 hours in Breakout sessions • 44 breakout talks – posted on the WEB Project X Overview - McGinnis

  21. BreakoutAgendas • Project X Linac Breakout Agenda • Project X Rings Breakout Agenda • Project X 120 GeV Targeting Breakout Agenda Project X Overview - McGinnis

  22. LBNL EOI for Rings • Front-End • Successful SNS experience • LLRF - low- and high-energy linacs • Phase and amplitude control of multiple cavities fed by single klystron • Injection into recycler ring • Laser stripping of H- • Foil issues • Injection losses & absorber • Electron cloud and collective effects - recycler and main injector • e-cloud physics (and instrumentation - see below) • Characterize and understand limitations in recycler ring and main injector • RF & feedback systems - recycler and main injector • Main RF upgrades • 2nd harmonic RF systems • Broadband feedback systems • Beam instrumentation - e-cloud / other • Vacuum systems • Beam transport lines • Beam simulations and modeling (rings and linac) • Basic parameters and variations within a cycle • Halo and beam loss issues • Space-charge tune shift • Radiation protection Front-end, Linacs Ring upgrades Project-wide

  23. BNL EOI for Rings • H- stripping and injection • Design of H- transport and injection systems(experience from SNS effort) • Coherent instabilities • Beam break-up instability at transition • Electron cloud issues • Possible experiments in RHIC with bunch trains of 3e11 ppb (instrumentation in place) • RF system • Design of high intensity rf systems for MI/RR ( experience from AGS and SNS effort) • Extraction • Design of 3rd integer slow extraction system (experience from slow extraction from AGS and AGS Booster) • Transition crossing • Experience with bipolar gammat jump and chromaticity jump. • Test of “duck under” crossing

  24. SNS EOI for Rings • Foil scattering – one of main problems for both projects. Laser stripping development is of mutual interest (is a must for Project X). • Collimation design has to rely on most realistic mechanisms for particle loss • Painting self consistent space charge distributions could be extremely beneficial to SNS (and Project X as well) • 2 types of SNS ring-present instabilities (ep and resistive wall) will be main issues for the recycler – SNS instability mitigation approach (chamber TiN coatings, electron collection, impedance reductions, feedback (under development)) could be useful for Project X

  25. EOI’s for Design and R&D for HEL • Design optimization • LBNL, MSU, JLAB, SLAC, LBL, ANL, SNS, • Beam dynamics, lattice, interfaces • LBNL, MSU, SNS • Linac β < 1 section (from about 0.6 GeV to about 1 GeV) • MSU, JLab, ANL • ILC-like linac section (cavities, cryomodules) • JLab, ANL, SNS • RF power systems • SLAC, SNS • Fast phase/ampl shifters • SLAC, FNAL, SNS High Energy Linac Overview - Nagaitsev

  26. HEL EOI’s cont’d • Cryo system • JLab, SNS • LLRF system • JLab, LBNL, SNS • Controls system • SLAC, ANL • Instrumentation • SLAC, SNS, MIT-Bates • Conventional facilities • FNAL • Electron source • Jlab, NIU, MIT-Bates, ANL • High availability & DC power • SLAC • Servicing hot cryomodules • SNS High Energy Linac Overview - Nagaitsev

  27. What’s Next • The chairs from the 5 breakout groups will meet in 2 weeks (after Thanksgiving) to discuss the results of the workshop • We will put out a summary report for the workshop. • Summary of talks and issues • Summary of expressions of interest • We will distribute the report to workshop attendees (+management) and work in comments and corrections. • People should direct their comments and corrections to the breakout chairs. Project X Overview - McGinnis

  28. What’s Next • Fermilab will develop an organization for Project X (the organization will include outside institutions) • Our expectation is that work on the design of Project X will be initiated over the next year, with the division of labor defined via MOU’s. • This workshop is the starting point for organizing the work along these lines. Project X Overview - McGinnis

  29. Summary • Project X is an intense 8 GeV proton source that provides beam for the Fermilab Main Injector and an 8 GeV physics program. • The source consists of an 8 GeV superconducting linac that injects into the Recycler where multiple linac beam pulses are stripped and accumulated. • The use of the Recycler reduces the required charge in the superconducting 8 GeV linac to match the charge per pulse of the ILC design so that much of the ILC technology can be used in the design. • Although there are many challenging technical issues to building an intense protons source , these issues seem to be surmountable. • The purpose of the workshop is to discuss accelerator physics and technology issues of Project X and explore possible areas of overlap and interest between various particle accelerator laboratories and universities Project X Overview - McGinnis

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