Social and Economic Reforms: From Suffrage to Prohibition

1. Ch. 10-2: Social and Economic Reform • Jacob Riis- wrote “How the Other Half Lives” • Looked at how poor immigrants lived their lives • Settlement House- place where poor immigrants went for help

5. Jane Addams • Hull House- settlement house in Chicago for poor immigrants • Offered classes in English, art, and basic living skills

6. Jane Addams

7. Suffrage Movement • Suffrage Movement wanted to give women the right to vote • Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Western states 1st to give women the right to vote

8. Viewpoints • Many felt the women’s place was in the home not D.C. • 1920- 19th Amend. Women get the right to vote • Margaret Sanger- pushed for birth control

12. NAACP • Goal was to protect the rights of African Americans • Wanted to eliminate Jim Crow Laws • Marcus Garvey- leader of the “Back to Africa” movement

13. Marcus Garvey

14. Temperance/Prohibition • Many felt crime, poverty and murder were a cause of alcohol • Temperance Movement- urged people to abolish the sale and drinking of alcohol

19. Prohibitions Enforcement

20. Political Reform • Many cities were run by “Political Machines” • NYC- Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall were the most corrupt and robbed millions

23. Political Bosses promised immigrants jobs in exchange for their votes • They gained office and became very corrupt

24. Reform • Direct Primary- people vote in a primary election for a candidate to represent a party • Initiative- petitions circulated so law makers may consider a law

25. Referendum- proposed law where the people vote on election day • Recall- people can call for a special election to remove a politician from office • Secret ballot became popular

26. Child Labor Laws • Child labor was very common • 1914- laws issued to prevent child labor • Early 20th century U.S. cities begin to clean up

28. Teddy Roosevelt • T. Roosevelt- felt that as president he needed to protect both industry and the common laborers • Roosevelt was known as the “Trust Buster” b/c he was the first president to attack big businesses • He enforced the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by attacking the Northern Securities Co.

30. Roosevelt believed that their were both good and bad trust • Good Trust- those that helped the public and provided necessary services but they needed to be restrained • Bad Trust- those that drove out competition and abused the workers and they should be eliminated

32. TR the Conservationist • Roosevelt loved the environment and felt that he needed to preserve it for future generations • He helped establish the National Parks Service

35. Roosevelt Legacy • Helped regulate the Railroads • Known as the Trust Buster • Avid Conservationist • Helped build the Panama Canal • Considered one of Americas greatest and vocal presidents

37. 1912 Election • Democrats- Woodrow Wilson • Republicans- Party was split between Taft and Roosevelt • Wilson won easily • Debs- represented the Socialist Party

42. Underwood Tariff • Tariffs lowered, which dropped the price of consumer goods • 16th Amend- Graduated Income Tax which is based on a % of your income

43. Clayton Antitrust Act • Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act • Prevented holding companies, interlocking directorships which were illegal

44. Federal Trade Commission Act • Investigates questionable business practices • Orders companies to “Cease and desist” from illegal activities

45. Federal Reserve System • Banks often failed b/c they didn’t have enough money in the vault • Fed. Reserve- regulates the money that is in circulation and controls interest rates

47. Progressive Amendments • 16th- Income Tax • 17th- People now directly elect their national senators • 18th- Prohibition of alcohol • 19th- Women get the right to vote