The Colonial Era: Economic, Political, Social

1. #1 Enslavement in the Colonies #2 Characteristics of the Colonists #3 The Enlightenment/The Religious Impulse #4 Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French The Colonial Era: Economic, Political, Social

2. 1700-1770 • Provincial capitals • High-birth rate • Immigration • Diversity of Population & Religion • Poverty in the Colonies • Consumer Revolution & Cities • Decline of Indigenous Populations Growth of Colonial America

3. #1 The Creation of the Slave Institution in the Colonies • First Arrivals • 1560s- Spanish • 1619 Virginia • Shift in Landscape • English and Africans: Anti-Black stereotypes • 1640s Virginia: slavery • Slave Laws: 1662, 1691 Virginia • Chattel Slavery • “From Cradle to Grave” • Slave Culture • Religious roles of Black women

4. #2 Characteristics of the “Colonists” • Most colonies were business enterprises. • Isolation from indigenous populations- Waged war for land. • Belief Systems: • Racially, Culturally, Spiritually superior to indigenous and enslaved. • Gender assumptions and distinctions supported by English law • Economic distinctions • Characteristics of the first colonists

5. #2: To Be Enlightened • The American Enlightenment • Influence of Europe: French, British • Scientific method of investigation- research and experimentation • Reasons For Enlightenment • Religious wars of 17th century • Criticism of social and political institutions • John Locke • Arminianism • Deism

6. To Be Awakened • Religion in the 18th Century • Sermons, treatises and copies of Christian Bible • Religious Revivals: Causes For… • Westward expansion, commercial development, rationalism • Lack of individual engagement • Worldwide Revival of religious fundamentalism • Rationalism and religious purity • Wahabbism- Middle East, Central Asia • Modern-day terrorism/state sponsored terrorism • Hasidic Jews • “Hell, Fire, and Brimstone…” • 1720s- style of preaching • George Whitefield • Critics of the Great Awakening

7. Culture Clashes • War against the indigenous • Spanish North America • Geography • Religious missions • Presidios • California: The Church and the Mission system- 1769 San Diego • French Empire • Geography • Sugar plantations • Free Blacks in New Orleans • War in The Upper Midwest- “the Middle Ground” • Ohio Valley: French, British, Indigenous Communities • Impact on Indigenous communities #3: Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French Empires Meet the Frontier

8. The Seven Years’ War- 1754-1763 (French and “Indian” War) • Warfare for Imperial Domination • Europe, West Africa, Asia- colonial conflicts • Main conflict- 1756-63 • Colonial Conflicts: British, French, trade, Ohio River Valley • War against the indigenous populations • Land and Spirituality • A World Transformed: British Victory • Reshaped landscape and balance of power • Treaty of Paris 1763 (Peace of Paris, 1763) • Pontiac’s Rebellion • 3 Indigenous communities • General Amherst’s policies

9. Historical Importance • Treaty of Paris: Clause 1764- British expansion • Indigenous Populations • River- Trade/ War/Enslavement • Exploration of Mississippi River • Cabeza de Vaca • Hernando de Soto • Rene de La Salle • European Influence • Spanish- cotton shipments to Liverpool, England • French • American • African slaves 1719 Historical Snapshot: Mississippi in the 1700s