Emotional and social development

1. Emotional and social development From ages 1-3

2. 18 months • Become self centered • Self-centered- they think about their own needs and wants and not those of others • Because during infancy, they learned caregivers will meet their needs and desires quickly

3. 18 months • Negativism- doing the opposite of what others want • Is normal for toddlers • Causes: desire for independence, frustration over wanting to do more than their bodies and language allows, realization of being a separate person from caregiver

4. Curbing negativism • Give choices • Redirect the child • Encourage talking

5. Emotional roller coaster • 18 months- defiant, establishing control • 2 years- affectionate, may be in caregiver’s way • 2 ½ years- may feel overwhelmed, frustration becomes anger • 3 years- generally happy, eager to help • 3 ½ years- child is bothered by fears

6. Temper tantrums • Release anger or frustration by screaming, crying, kicking, pounding and holding their breath • Starts around 18 months and stops around 3 or 4 • Calmer ages: 2 and 3 years • More frustrations: 18 months 2 ½ years

7. frustrations • 18 month old- expressed physically and not directed toward any particular person or thing • 3 year old- expressed verbally and less explosively and is directed toward the person or thing that is responsible for the problem

8. Handling frustrations and anger • Use words • Speak calmly • Take deep breaths • Rest for a while • Discuss misbehavior and consequences after child has calmed down

9. Separation anxiety • fear of being away from parents, caregivers, or normal environment • Can upset parents or make them feel guilty • This is a stage that kids will grow out of

10. How to deal with fears • Offer support and understanding without making them feel ashamed • Encourage children to talk about fears • Accept fears rather than confront them • Read books about children who have fears • Make unfamiliar situations more secure • Teach children how to control frightening situations

11. jealousy • 18 months jealousy is pronounced • Peaks when child is 3 • Sibling rivalry- competition between brother or sisters for parents’ affection and attention

12. How to deal with sibling rivalry • Show love and affection to each child • Give each child one-on-one time • Avoid comparing one child with another • Let children take turns • Do not accept tattling • Talk to children about their jealousy

13. Love and affection • Learning to love at ages 1-3 provides foundation for LIFE • Children must learn to love • Empathy- ability to understand how another person feels • Demonstrated at age 2

14. Self concept • How children see themselves • Positive or negative • Formed in response to the actions, attitudes, and comments of others • ages 1-3 are crucial in this development • Parents are strongest influences on the development of child’s self concept

15. Positive relationships • Important for toddlers to have healthy relationships with parents and siblings as it shapes the relationships that children have later in life • Signs: seeks approval and praise, turns to parents/caregivers for comfort and help, tells caregivers about significant events, accepts limits and discipline

16. Sleep, emotions, and behavior • Importance of adequate sleep • Avoid sleep deprivation to develop and function properly • 12-14 hours each night

17. Sleep deprivation • Signs: • Must be awakened in morning • Tired all day • Has trouble thinking • Cranky and hard to get along with

18. How to get adequate sleep • Determine child’s best bedtime • Limit toys in the bed • Establish a bedtime routine • Keep bedtime pleasant

19. socialization • Learning how to get along with other people • Starts with own family and then branches out to other groups

20. Parallel play vs. cooperative play • Parallel play- playing near, but not actually with, other children (18 months up to age 3) • Cooperative play- actually playing with another child (age 3 and on)

21. Helping and pleasing others • Age 2- want to please others; sometimes willing to put wishes of someone else ahead of their own • Age 2 ½ - may do something for one person but not for another for no reason; they are beginning to understand fairness • Age 3- will share, help or do things another person’s way just to please them • Age 3 ½ - will share toys and put up with things they don’t like in order to be with someone they like

22. Making Friends • Important to normal social development • Children need to feel comfortable with others their own age. • Children need to learn how to handle having their feelings hurt, sharing, not getting their own way • Help children solve problems, disagreements; avoid imposing a solution for them

23. Imaginary friends • As early as two; ages 3 and 4 common • Helpful to experiment with different feelings • Seeky and Conquer

24. Guidelines for Guidance • Using firmness and understanding to help children learn how to control their own behavior • Learns self-discipline and a conscience

25. Stages of guidance • 12-15 months: distractions and removal from situations • 15 months-2 years: spoken restrictions and distractions/removal • 2-3 years: spoken commands and simple explanations • 3 years: accept reasonable, loving guidance/requests • Consistency helps children know what is expected of them and what responses they can expect from parents

26. Setting limits • Show an understanding of child’s desires • Set limits and explain it • Acknowledge the child’s feelings • Give alternatives

27. autonomy • Developing independence • Increases confidence and sense of responsibility • Patience is important

28. sharing • Encourage activities that require sharing and taking turns • Limit materials so that sharing must occur • Have children take turns handing out snacks • Make clear that you want them to share

29. Aggressive behaviors • Biting • Hitting • Address problem behavior • Try to determine underlying cause