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Nervous Tissue

Nervous Tissue. Nervous System. CNS (brain and spinal cord) PNS (peripheral nervous system). Types of Cells. Neurons – structural units Supporting cells – protect and myelinate neurons. Structure of Neurons. Cell body – contains nucleus and cytoplasm. Structure of Neuron.

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Nervous Tissue

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  1. Nervous Tissue

  2. Nervous System • CNS (brain and spinal cord) • PNS (peripheral nervous system)

  3. Types of Cells • Neurons – structural units • Supporting cells – protect and myelinate neurons

  4. Structure of Neurons • Cell body – contains nucleus and cytoplasm

  5. Structure of Neuron • Dendrites – receptive regions

  6. Structure of Neuron • Axons – nerve impulse generators

  7. Structure of Neuron • Axoplasm – cytoplasm of neuron

  8. Structure of Neuron • Axolema – plasma membrane

  9. Structure of Neuron • Collaterals – axon branches

  10. Structure of Neuron • Axon hillock – an enlarged cell body structure, which is the beginning of the axon

  11. Structure of Neuron • Axon terminals – The axon and its collaterals end divide into fine processes

  12. Structure of Neuron • Synaptic end bulbs – tips of axon terminals that contain the synaptic vessicles

  13. Structure of Neuron • Synaptic cleft – gap between two neurons

  14. Structure of Neuron • Supporting cells wrap themselves around the axons of some neurons like a jelly role

  15. Structure of Neuron • Myelin sheath – A tight core of plasma membrane material around the axon

  16. Structure of Neuron • Neurilemma – The peripheral part of the schwann cell and the exposed plasma membrane

  17. Structure of Neuron • Nodes of Ranvier – Since the myelin sheath is composed of several schwann cells there are gaps or indentations called nodes of ranier

  18. Classification by Structure • Unipolar • Bipolar • Multipolar

  19. Unipolar • Have only one process that extends from the cell body

  20. Unipolar • Conduct impulses toward the CNS

  21. Bipolar • Have two processes that extend from the cell body (one axon and one dendrite)

  22. Bipolar • Found in the eye, ear, and olfactory mucosa

  23. Multipolar • Have several processes that extend from the cell body (several dendrites and one axon)

  24. Multipolar • Most neurons in CNS and neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS

  25. Classification by Function • Sensory • Motor

  26. Sensory or Afferent Neurons • Carry impulses away from sensory receptors in the skin, skeletal muscle, and internal organs.

  27. Sensory or Afferent Neurons • Most are unipolar

  28. Sensory or Afferent Neurons • Cell bodies lie outside the CNS

  29. Motor or Efferent Neurons • Carry impulses away from the CNS

  30. Motor or Efferent Neurons • Most are multipolar

  31. Motor or Efferent Neurons • Cell bodies lie within the CNS

  32. Neuroglia • Supporting cells

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