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OCEAN OPTICS SCIENCE IN SUPPORT OF QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF COASTAL WATERS

OCEAN OPTICS SCIENCE IN SUPPORT OF QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF COASTAL WATERS. Dariusz Stramski Marine Physical Laboratory Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego. COAST Meeting 29 – 30 September 2004 - OSU, Corvallis OR. R ( l ) = f [ IOPs ( l ) ].

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OCEAN OPTICS SCIENCE IN SUPPORT OF QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF COASTAL WATERS

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  1. OCEAN OPTICS SCIENCE IN SUPPORT OF QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF COASTAL WATERS Dariusz Stramski Marine Physical Laboratory Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego COAST Meeting 29 – 30 September 2004 - OSU, Corvallis OR

  2. R(l)= f [ IOPs(l) ] = f [ a(l), bE(y, l), bI(y, l’→ l) ] ≈ f [ bb(l) / ( a(l) + bb(l) ) ] ≈ f [ bb(l) / a(l) ] IOPs(l) = f [ seawater constituents ] R(l) = f [ seawater constituents ]

  3. Seawater is a complex optical medium with a great variety of particle types and soluble species 10 mm

  4. Three- or four-component model based on few broadly defined seawater constituents IOP(l)=IOPw(l) +IOPp(l)+IOPCDOM(l) IOPp(l)=IOPph(l)+IOPd(l) IOPd+CDOM(l) =IOPd(l)+IOPCDOM(l)

  5. A three-component model of absorption

  6. Chlorophyll-based models IOPph(l) =f [Chl] IOPp(l) =f [Chl] IOP(l)=IOPw(l) +f [ Chl ]

  7. Case 1 and Case 2 Waters Morel and Prieur (1977); Gordon and Morel (1983)

  8. Average trends • Large, seemingly random, variability

  9. Chlorophyll algorithms more than 30 years of history Clarke, Ewing and Lorenzen (1970)

  10. Bricaud et al. (1998)

  11. Beam attenuation vs chlorophyll Loisel and Morel (1998)

  12. Standard Chl algorithms in the Baltic Sea Darecki and Stramski (2004)

  13. Case1/Case 2 bio-optics Stagnation New science strategy Reductionist approach

  14. Ni Reductionist reflectance / IOP model

  15. EXAMPLE CRITERIA • Manageable number of components • The sum of components should account for the total bulk IOPs as accurately as possible • The components should play a specific well-defined role in ocean optics, marine ecosystems, biogeochemistry, water quality, etc.

  16. s l = l ( ) Q ( ) G i i i Example components ofsuspended particulate matter Living Particles Autotrophs • Picophytoplankton <2 mm • Small nanophytoplankton 2-8 mm • Large nanophytoplankton 8-20 mm • Microphytoplankton 20-200 mm Heterotrophs • Bacteria ~0.5 mm • Microzooplankton O(1-100) mm Non-Living Particles Organic • Small colloids 0.02-0.2 mm • Larger colloids 0.2-1mm • Detritus >1mm Inorganic • Colloidal/Clay minerals <2mm • Larger (Silt/Sand) minerals >2mm

  17. Stramski et al. (2001)

  18. Interspecies variability in absorption Stramski et al. (2001)

  19. Interspeciesvariability inscattering Stramski et al. (2001)

  20. Intraspecies variability over a diel cycleThalassiosira pseudonana Stramski and Reynolds (1993)

  21. Absorption of mineral particles Babin and Stramski (2004); Stramski et al. (2004)

  22. Asian mineral dust Stramski and Wozniak (2004)

  23. Scattering phase functions of bubbles Piskozub et al. (2004)

  24. Reductionist reflectance / IOP model

  25. IOPmodel Stramski et al. (2001)

  26. Size distribution

  27. Scattering Absorption

  28. Backscattering Absorption

  29. Radiative transfer model Mobley and Stramski (1997)

  30. The complexity of seawater as an optical medium should not deter us from pursuing the proper course in basic research to ensure quantitatively meaningful applications in coastal water imaging

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