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Arthropod-Borne (Arbo) Viral Diseases

Arthropod-Borne (Arbo) Viral Diseases

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Arthropod-Borne (Arbo) Viral Diseases

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  1. Arthropod-Borne (Arbo) Viral Diseases The arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are a group of infectious agents that are transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods from one vertebrate host to another. They can multiply in the tissues of the arthropod without evidence of disease or damage. The vector acquires a lifelong infection through the ingestion of blood from a viremic vertebrate. All arboviruses have an RNA genome, and most have a lipid-containing envelope and consequently are inactivated by ether or sodium deoxycholate.

  2. Current taxonomic status of some arboviruses

  3. Current taxonomic status of some arboviruses

  4. Current taxonomic status of some arboviruses

  5. Sindbis virus

  6. Structures of Alphaviruses

  7. Principal medically important alphaviruses

  8. The scheme of Alphavirus replication

  9. Pathogenesis of alphaviruses

  10. FIGURE Alphavirus transmission. Virus abbreviations: Chik, chickungunya; RR, Ross River; May, Mayaro; ONN, O'nyong-nyong; SIN, Sindbis; EEE, eastern equine encephalitis; VEE, Venezuelan equine encephalitis.

  11. Rubellaviruses Rubella (German measles) is a common mild disease characterized by a rash. It affects children and adolescents worldwide and can also affect young adults. When rubella virus infects susceptible women early in pregnancy, it may be transmitted to the fetus and may cause birth defects. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is critical in pregnancy. The rubella virus is a member of the genus Rubivirus in the family Togaviridae.

  12. Rubella virus

  13. Rash

  14. FIGURE. Clinical findings, virus shedding, and serologic response in postnatally acquired rubella.

  15. Abnormalities Associated with Congenital Rubella Syndrome

  16. Abnormalities Associated with Congenital Rubella Syndrome

  17. Cataract

  18. Glaucoma

  19. Structure of Flaviviruses

  20. Flavivirus

  21. Tick-born encephalitis virus

  22. Tick-born encephalitis virus

  23. Figure 5. The scheme of Flavivirus replication

  24. Virions are formed in perinuclear regions of the cytoplasm in association with Golgi or smooth membranes (Figure 6). Virions appear within cytoplasmic vacuoles and appear to exit the cell as vacuoles fuse with the plasma membrane. Unlike alphaviruses, no evidence of budding has been seen in flavivirus-infected cells, and the mechanisms of virion assembly and release remain obscure. FIGURE 6. Morphogenesis of flaviviruses

  25. Principal medically important flaviviruses

  26. Principal medically important flaviviruses

  27. Principal medically important flaviviruses

  28. Human infection with both mosquito-borne and tick-borne flaviviruses is initiated by deposition of virus through the skin via the saliva of an infected arthropod (Fig 7). Figure 7. Pathogenesis of flaviviruses.

  29. Tick

  30. Yellow fever virus

  31. Yellow fever

  32. Dengue fever virus

  33. Dengue fever

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