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Arthropod Anatomy

Arthropod Anatomy. Arthropods Overview. most diverse group of invertebrates (1,130,000 species) 75% of all animal species jointed appendages – important characteristic - adapted for walking, feeding, sensing, and mating. Exoskeleton.

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Arthropod Anatomy

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  1. Arthropod Anatomy

  2. Arthropods Overview • most diverse group of invertebrates (1,130,000 species) • 75% of all animal species • jointed appendages – important characteristic • - adapted for walking, feeding, sensing, and mating

  3. Exoskeleton • hard, thick, and made out of a carbohydrate called chitin • land arthropods must have a waxy layer to protect against water loss

  4. Molting • Molting = shedding of the old exoskeleton • molts need to occur for arthropod to increase in size or add appendages (legs) • new, softer exoskeleton forms underneath old skeleton • new exoskeleton will harden overtime

  5. Segmentation • 3 fused segments: • 1. head 2. thorax 3.abdomen • ( fusion allows for better movement and protection) • some arthropods have a fused head and thorax called a cephalothorax

  6. Respiration/Gas Exchange • Three types: • Gills • - aquatic arthropods • 2. Book lungs • - spiders, horseshoe crab • - leaf-like plates filled w/ air

  7. Respiration/Gas Exchange 3. Tracheal tubes - terrestrial insects - branching network of hollow air passages All respiration based on diffusion of gases (Oxygen/Carbon dioxide)

  8. Senses • Antennae -- detect movement, sound and chemicals; used for communication (moth, mosquito, bee) • pheromones --chemical odor signals can be given off for communication

  9. Vision • Usually - one pair of compound eyes and 3-8 simple eyes • simple eye = one lens used for detecting light • compound eye = many lenses, detect movements and colors

  10. Nervous System • Consists of 2 ventral nerve cords, anterior “brain”, and several ganglia • ganglia serve as control centers for specific body sections

  11. Circulation • Open system, blood pumped by one or more hearts • heart vessels tissues heart (through open body spaces)

  12. Digestion • Complete gut • mouth parts called mandibles (jaws) • adapted for chewing, holding, sucking, or biting • spiders have chelicerae, 1st appendage adapted for piercing or fangs • spiders and crustaceans also have pedipalps, used for holding food, sensing, and even mating

  13. Insect Digestive Tract • Esophagus • Crop • Gizzard • Salivary gland • Gastric ceaca • Midgut • Intestine • Rectum • anus

  14. Excretion • Use Malphigian Tubules • located in abdomen • empty into intestine

  15. Muscular System • Muscles attached to inner surface of exoskeleton Reproduction • External fertilization– aquatic (water) • Internal fertilization– terrestrial (land) • some species exhibit parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction—new insect develops from an unfertilized egg.) ex. Bees, ants, wasps

  16. Incomplete Metamorphosisegg, nymph, adult

  17. Grasshopper Anatomy • http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/romalea.html • http://www.carolina.com/category/teacher+resources/dissection+activities+and+resources/grasshopper+dissection.do • Above is excellent picture • http://bugs.osu.edu/~bugdoc/Shetlar/462/462InsectMorphology/Morph03.htm

  18. http://www.junglewalk.com/video/Grasshopper-movie.htm • http://insects.tamu.edu/imagegallery/video/ • http://salinella.bio.uottawa.ca/digitalzoology/Arthropo/Default.php?FlashLabModule.swf?&Loadmoviename=../ArthTrac/Inse_Hopp_05_lb.swf?E?Md2ChapterMcp1?Md2Ch4SectionMcp1?Md2Ch4Sc2TopicMcp1

  19. http://www.members.shaw.ca/jonesbiology1/bio11/units/ecology/grasshopperdissectionlab.PDFhttp://www.members.shaw.ca/jonesbiology1/bio11/units/ecology/grasshopperdissectionlab.PDF • Above anatomy of digestive tract

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