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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY (part one)

HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY (part one). PHOTO/GRAPHY: LIGHT/DRAWING or Drawing with Light. Derived from Greek: ‘ photos ’ for Light ‘ graphé ’ for Drawing ‘Drawing with Light’. 3 Basic Elements of Photography. Camera Obscura (meaning: Darkened Chamber or room)

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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY (part one)

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  1. HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY(part one)

  2. PHOTO/GRAPHY: LIGHT/DRAWING or Drawing with Light • Derived from Greek: • ‘photos’ for Light • ‘graphé’ for Drawing • ‘Drawing with Light’

  3. 3 Basic Elements of Photography • Camera Obscura(meaning: Darkened Chamber or room) • Aperture (Opening that light goes through) • Light Sensitive Material (upon which the image is recorded)

  4. The Dark Box Concept • Dates back to ancient China and Greece • Dark room with small hole • Light comes in through small opening • Inverted image transferred onto wall inside dark box • No one thought to record these images- at the time there was no demand

  5. CAMERA OBSCURA(the original dark box art tool) • Optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen • Artists modified the concept to fit their needs-traced realistic image quickly • Added lens to box (to focus image) • Sped up artistic process • Sharpened reality

  6. LIGHT-SENSITIVE MATERIAL • Johann Schulze-discovered the light-sensitive nature of SILVER NITRATE (early 1700’s) • Silver Nitrate turns black when exposed to sunlight • Problem-How do you stop it from turning all black (how do you‘fix’the image)?

  7. Thomas Wedgwood • Experimented with silver nitrate prints • Put object on paper coated with silver nitrate • Exposed prints to sun • Created Silhouttes-aka Photograms Photogram Cyanotype

  8. Joseph NicephoreNiépce(1765-1833) • Frenchman who invented the first “PHOTOGRAPH” • PROCESS: Coated a metal plate w/ BITUMEN (asphalt-like substance that hardens in proportion to its exposure to light) then washed in lavender oil (only hardened areas remained) • Put plate into camera • Exposed to sun (8 hours) • Wash plate w/ oil (removed unused areas) • Result - First “picture” called the HELIOGRAPH (SUN/DRAWING)

  9. NIÉPCE’S FIRST HELIOGRAPH View from the Window at Le Gras (1826 or 1827) the earliest surviving photograph of a real-world scene, made using a camera obscura.

  10. Louis JacquesMandé Daguerre(1787-1851) • French artist and physicist • Known as one of the fathers of photography • Looking for a way to reproduce realistic scenes for his dioramas • Produced his version of photography • Worked with Niépce. When Niépce died, Daguerre continued experimenting, evolving the process into what would be called the ‘Daguerreotype’ • Introduces photography at world science exhibition in France.

  11. Social Conditionsthat made the invention of photography possible: • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - Increase in production, goods, and services • Rising Middle Class - More people with expendable income • New demand for portrait images (previously only for the rich – ie. painted portraits) • Emphasis on REALISM

  12. The Daguerreotype Process • Light-tight plate holder designed to hold a copper plate faced with a thin layer of silver • Plate was made light-sensitive by fumes from iodine crystals in a wooden box • Plate is exposed to image • Exposed to Mercury fumes in protected area which developed the image • Fixed in a solution of common salt • Plate would be toned in gold chloride

  13. Seattle-based artist Dan Carillo Daguerrotype process

  14. The Daguerreotype • ADVANTAGES: • A sharp, crisp, high- quality image • Reduced exposure time (7-10 minutes) • QUALITY • Process becomes FRANCHISED (makes Daguerre rich) • Easily accessible Fine, detailed quality Mirror like reflective look

  15. The Daguerreotype • DISADVANTAGES • Small Size • Easily damaged • One of a kind-NOT REPRODUCIBLE • Poisonous process • Exposure time -??(questionable) 1st Photographed person- Street scene in Paris (exposure time - 10 minutes)

  16. Henry Fox Talbot(1800-1877) • British scientist and inventor • Invented photography simultaneously (in England) • Establishes modern photographic system -the CALOTYPE • Earliest known paper negative - 1835

  17. The CALOTYPE System • Developed a positive image from the negative • Result: printed REPRODUCIBLE photos on paper Negative Positive

  18. CALOTYPES • ADVANTAGES • Reproducible (can make many copies from original negatives) • Quicker exposure times (1-3 minutes)

  19. CALOTYPES • DISADVANTAGES: • Had a hazy, artistic quality (people wanted razor- sharp quality) • Process was never mass-marketed or popularized

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