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Historical Science

Historical Science. Early Evidence for Human Reliance Upon a Natural Perspective. Prehistoric Period. Learning by trial and error Rich natural history knowledge Information not written down (paper & writing developed ~5K years ago) Crops Domesticated. When did the study of science begin?.

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Historical Science

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  1. Historical Science

  2. Early Evidence for Human Reliance Upon a Natural Perspective

  3. Prehistoric Period • Learning by trial and error • Rich natural history knowledge • Information not written down • (paper & writing developed ~5K years ago) • Crops Domesticated

  4. When did the study of science begin? Paleolithic paintings on cave walls and recordings on bones- observations 32,000 years ago

  5. When did the study of science begin? Mesopotamian 7,000 B.C. to 6th century B.C. Medical text Astronomy Bronze surgical knives

  6. Ancient Greece • Hippocrates (460 – 370? B.C.) • Greek physician • Diseases have natural causes • Rejected view that disease caused by evil spirits • Believed that the brain was area of higher thought and emotion, not heart • Program for good health: rest, good nutrition, and exercise. • Started “Western Medicine”

  7. Roman Times • Galen (130 - 200 A.D.) • Anatomy & Physiology • disease resulted from an internal imbalance of the four humors • Mistakes in understanding circulation • Research based on ape dissection • Textbook used for 1000 years Galen dissecting a pig

  8. Dark Ages- 200 to 1200 A.D. • Sad time • Little new knowledge • Taboo against dissecting human cadavers continued • Avoided actual involvement • Authority prevails

  9. Renaissance • da Vinci(1452-1515) • Anatomy & Physiology

  10. Renaissance • Vesalius (1514-1564) • Anatomy & Physiology • Followed Galen’s writings, but later found he was wrong Vesalius dissects a female cadaver in his anatomy lab

  11. Medieval Human Anatomy Before Vesalius

  12. Vesalius’ Images

  13. Vesalius’ Images The female pelvic anatomy. From Vesalius's De Corporis Humani Fabrica, 1543.

  14. Galileo Leuwenhoek Hooke 1564-1642 1632 – 1723 1635-1703

  15. Galileo 1624

  16. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1674

  17. Leeuwenhoek

  18. Robert Hooke 1665

  19. William Harvey 1578-1657 • Discoveries • Disproved Galen that blood not made from the liver • Heart is a pump not a suction device • Showed closed circuit circulation • Showed existence of valves in veins

  20. Arteries & Veins

  21. Circulation

  22. Leeches and Maggots make a comeback A prescription leech at the Harborview Medical Center pharmacy. 1600’s Medicine: Leeches

  23. Medical Imaging Ultrasound

  24. Medical Imaging X Ray

  25. Medical Imaging Ct Scan 3D reconstruction of CT Scan. Objects are packets of cocaine.

  26. Medical Imaging MRI

  27. Medical Imaging PET Scan

  28. Modern Technology Smartphone apps Pill cam

  29. Inquiry • Galen’s textbook was based on research of ______ not humans. • What did Velsalius discover? • Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, and Galileo invented the____. • List 4 modern “non-evasive” technologies that allow us to look in the body.

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