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Ancient Egypt: Nile, Gods, Society & Decline

Explore the majestic world of Ancient Egypt, from the sacred Nile River to the polytheistic gods who ruled over nature. Discover the intricate society structures, including the roles of women and the social classes. Unearth the empire-building achievements and the eventual decline of Egyptian power. Learn about the fascinating scientific advancements and educational practices that defined this ancient civilization.

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Ancient Egypt: Nile, Gods, Society & Decline

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  1. The Ancient Egyptians Geography of Ancient Egypt Religion In Ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptian Society

  2. Nile River “ Giver of Life” Longest river in the world @ 4200 miles Protected on 4 sides Sahara d. ( west) Mediterranean sea (north) Nubian d./Red sea (east) 7 cataracts (South) The Geography of Ancient Egypt

  3. Egypt is divided into 2 parts Upper Nile in the South Lower Nile in the North Egyptian Geography

  4. Polytheistic Gods controlled Nature Gods had the power of life Death The dead live West of the Nile Pyramids Sarcophagus Mummification for upper class Cremation for lower class Ancient Egyptian Religion

  5. Amon - Re = Chief god and god of the Sun Osiris = son of Amon, god of the Nile, judge of the dead Set = second son of Amon, god of the afterlife Isis = wife to Osiris, goddess of fertility Amon-Re 4 Egyptian gods to Know

  6. 3000 B.C.E. King Menes unites upper/lower Nile kingdoms Old Kingdom = 2700B.C.E.- 2200B.C.E Middle Kingdom = 2050 B.C.E.-1800 B.C.E New Kingdom = 1570 B.C.E.-1090B.C.E. Kingdoms of Egypt

  7. OLD Kingdom 2700-2200 BCE • This is the development stage for the Egyptians • Pharaoh “The Great House” • Priest/King • His Power is absolute • Establishment of Dynasties or ruling Families

  8. The Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom were more interested in the common people. They undertook several infrastructural projects, Draining the Nile swamplands Digging a canal to connect Nile to the red sea. They built the Temples of Luxor and Karnak as well as the new capital city of Thebes on the East Side of the Nile Expanded the borders and economic trade Middle Kingdom 2050-1800 BCE

  9. New Kingdom 1570-1090BCEThe age of Empire

  10. During the New Kingdom, Egyptian power reached its peak. Because of the increased wealth and political expansion, this period is also called The Empire Age. Empire Building

  11. Amenhotep II (1450-1420 BCE) Pharaoh of the EXODUS!

  12. First Woman Ruler • Queen Hatshepsut (1479-1458 BCE) • Ruled for 22 years • Administered an efficient Government • Sent a trading expedition south into Somalia that was so successful it is recorded on her Temple near Thebes • It is also believed that she is the Daughter of Pharaoh that saved Moses

  13. The Boy Pharaoh • Tutankhamon (1333-1324) • Was eight years old when he inherits the throne • Died at the age of 19.

  14. Ramses II( 1279-1213 BCE) Was the Greatest Pharaoh of Egypt. He was an original thinker and a strong, practical ruler. Ramses II succeeded for nearly 67 years in ruling Egypt. He was responsible for much of the construction at Laxer's funeral temple at Thebes. . After campaigns against the Hittites, Ramses II made a treaty with the Hittites, and married a Hittite princess. They had a son together named Merneptha. When Ramses II died, there was a problem during the mummification process. They did not remove his brain! The Last Great Ruler of the New Kingdom

  15. Decline of Egyptian Power • After Ramese II died Egyptian power slowly declined. • By 1090 BCE civil war left Egypt to weak to defeat a stream of invaders. • First the “Sea Peoples” maybe from the Islands of the Aegean Sea. Then the Assyrians and the Persians. • In 331 BCE Alexander the Great occupied Egypt. • In 30 BCE The Romans would make Egypt a province of their empire.

  16. Hieroglyphics= A standardized form of Picto-grams The Rosetta Stone = a red colored stone discovered in 1799 that unlocked the hieroglyphic language Papyrus =a type of paper made from the reeds of the Nile delta The Written Language of the Egyptians

  17. The Pharaoh living in Great splendor at the top. Under the Pharaoh, is the Ruling Class, made up of Priest then Nobles. The Middle Class, merchants, physicians, teachers, skilled workers Peasants and Slaves Social Classes

  18. Women in Egypt Women enjoyed a relatively high status. They could buy and sell property and testify in court Property descended through the female line The roles of Wife and Mother were greatly esteemed. They were considered the property of their Husband Education Schools were first introduced to train Priest. As the civilization became more complex, the temple schools provided general education for sons of the wealthy. Sometimes, even girls were educated! Generally they were taught the skills they would need to be good wives and mothers at home not at the temple. Women and Education

  19. Scientific Accomplishments • Advanced Mathematics • Method of land Surveying • Astronomy • 365 day, 12 month calendar • Engineering techniques for large projects • Set bones and performed Brain surgery

  20. THE END ! Until NEXT TIME!!

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