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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. Ch 14 p 457. An Evolution of electronics. The beginning. 1729 Electrical conductors & insulators are discovered. 1745 Development of the 1 st capacitor. Can store a charge Is used to smooth out power output. Electrical Telegraphy.

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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  1. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Ch 14 p 457

  2. An Evolution of electronics The beginning ...

  3. 1729 Electrical conductors & insulators are discovered.

  4. 1745 Development of the 1st capacitor • Can store a charge • Is used to smooth out power output

  5. Electrical Telegraphy • 1750 Benjamin Franklin sent the 1st electrical signal over a wire. • 1832 Pavel Schilling electromagnetic telegraph. • Used a coil & a magnet to make a code. • Used the binary code for the alphabet • 1837 Morse Telegraph

  6. Luigi Galvani Alexandro Volta Bioelectricity Voltaic Pile 1800 • 1791 Glowing wire

  7. 1861 electric oven • WOOD • COMBINATION ELECTRIC

  8. 1874 Light bulb • Thomas Edison

  9. 1887 1ST ALTERNATING CURRENT NETWORK • Better over long distances

  10. 1900s.... • 1904 invention of diodes • Control current direction • 1921 better understanding of semiconductors

  11. 1943 1st Programmable computer!

  12. 1971 1ST MICROPROCESSOR AND FIRST MICROCOMPUTER

  13. The first computer we owned in the 80s

  14. 1979 handheld video games & cell phones start to be widespread!

  15. Pong console by “Atari”

  16. Today

  17. Show Pong AsteroidsFirst Super Mario

  18. Electrical Engineering The design & development of electrical devices.

  19. Electronic Made with semiconductors (silicon) Tiny & low-intensity so that information can be controlled. Component examples Diodes Transistors Computers, phones 14.1 Electronic vs electrical devices • Electrical • Made with conductors (metals (copper) & alloys) • Larger & powerful circuits & motors. • Component examples • Wires • Switches • Fuses • Toaster, stove Please Write

  20. CONVENTIONAL CURRENT Flows from + to – ELECTRON FLOW Flows from – to + Circuit diagrams place their components (parts) to follow the direction of conventional current! Please take out a piece of loose leaf paper to make a table “Circuit Symbols” 14.2 Electrical Circuits Please Write

  21. Circuit Symbols We will fill this up as we go! Leave ~22 rows please  Workbook 237 & 238

  22. 14.3 Power Supplies

  23. 14.3 Power Supplies • Provide the energy to cause current to move through a circuit. • Two types of current: • DC = Direct Current • Electrons move continuously in one direction. • Can be stored. • Eg. battery • AC = Alternating Current • Electrons move back and forth. • Easier to transport. • Eg. Output at outlets Please Write

  24. Power supply Symbols please add to table. Component: Symbol Function • Battery Power Supply • Alternating current AC Power Supply • Direct current DC Power Supply • Outlet Power Supply • Photoelectric Cell Power Supply Solar cell

  25. Please Write AC electrical generators • Turns mechanical energy into electrical energy. • Makes AC current! • Using a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature Or I am an armature  • rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field • Driven by: • Combustion engine = Alternator (in a car) • Permanent magnets = Magneto • Steam engine (power plant) = Turbo-alternator

  26. Alternator

  27. A piezoelectric disc generates a voltage when deformed Please Write

  28. Symbols for power suppliesplease add to table Component: Symbol Function • Piezoelectric Crystal Power Supply • Thermocouple Power Supply

  29. Batteries • One cell vs many cells • How do they work? • Transforms chemical energy into electrical energy • Advantage? • Portable • Disadvantages? • Have to be replaced • Contain environmental hazards • Where can you find one? • Watch, mp3, remotes etc Please DO NOT Write

  30. Outlets Please DO NOT Write • How do they work? • AC current is sent from a power plant to the outlets • Advantage? • Stable • Long lasting • Low environmental effect (depending on source) • Disadvantages? • proximity

  31. Please DO NOT Write Solar Panels • How do they work? • Transforms light energy into electrical energy • Advantage? • Portable • No GHGs • Long lasting • Disadvantages? • Depend on sunshine • expensive

  32. See p240 in the workbook

  33. Please Write

  34. 14.4 Conduction, insulation & protection P 464 - 468

  35. Please Write Conductors: • Conduction: is the movement of current. • Ex: • Copper, • Aluminum, • Silver, • optical fibers. (light is transmitted & then converted into electricity using a photovoltaic cell)

  36. Transition metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.

  37. Printed Circuits • An Electrical circuit printed on a thin rigid board

  38. Please Write Printed Circuits: • Board = thin plastic sheet. • Cover with a thin copper sheet. • A circuit is etched in. • Extra copper is removed. (by leaching) • Electric & electronic components are then soldered on.

  39. MASS MANUFACTURING OF CIRCUIT BOARDS VIDEO • Electronic items use circuit boards: • Cell phones • Mp3 players • Computers • Etc • How are they made? • How It’s Made – Computer Circuit Boards • How It’s Made - Flexible circuit boards

  40. Please Write Insulation: • Function: to prevent current flow! • Allows current to stay within the wire and reach its destination. • Prevents: • Injury to people • Short circuits • Ex: Ceramics & plastics

  41. Please Write Protection: • Components that stop current if there is a short circuit or a power surge. • Ex: • Fuse • Circuit breakers

  42. Fuses: Please Write • Regulate the current allowed to pass through a circuit. • The current can pass through the filament. • If the current intensity (amps) is too high, the filament melts then breaks. • You must replace it. Filament

  43. Please Write Breaker • How it works: • When the current intensity gets too high…. • The bimetallic strip heats up, gets longer & bends. • As it bends the connection is broken and it snaps to the off position. • You then go to your breaker panel and reset the switch to ON.

  44. By Ali@gwc.org.uk (from en wikipedia) [CC BY-SA 2.5 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)], via Wikimedia Commons • Actuator lever – to reset. • Actuator mechanism - forces the contacts together/apart. • Contacts - allow current when touching & break the current when moved apart. • Terminals • Bimetallic strip - separates contacts in response to smaller, longer-term overcurrents • Calibration screw • Solenoid - separates contacts rapidly in response to high overcurrents • Arc divider/extinguisher

  45. Component Symbol Function Fuse or Breaker Protection Please Write onto table

  46. Please Write 14.5 ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE • Resistors limit the current flow through a circuit. • You can add or remove resistors to meet the needs of your component. • Refer to your Ch5 notes for reading resistors.

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