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IB Skeletal system

IB Skeletal system. IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy 1.1. Skeleton 1.1.1. Axial skeleton. Skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column Vertebral column Cervical-7 Thoracic-12 Lumbar-5 Sacral-5 Coccyx-4. Appendicular skeleton.

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IB Skeletal system

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  1. IB Skeletal system IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy 1.1

  2. Skeleton 1.1.1

  3. Axial skeleton • Skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column • Vertebral column • Cervical-7 • Thoracic-12 • Lumbar-5 • Sacral-5 • Coccyx-4

  4. Appendicular skeleton • Scapulae, clavicles, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis (illium, ischium, pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

  5. Skeletal function 1.1.2 • Muscle attachment • Organ protection • Movement • Bodily support

  6. 4 types of bones 1.1.3 • Long- humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula • Short- metatarsals, metacarpals (only) • Flat- some bone of the skull, scapula, ribs, patella • Irregular- vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, maxilla

  7. LONG BONE ANATOMY 1.1.4 • Diaphysis- shaft of a long bone made of compact bone (bone with 5-30% of bone volume occupied by nonmeneralized tissue) • Epiphysis-end segment of a long bone, growth plate, place where longitudinal growth occurs in long bones • Articular cartilage- protects the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact with other bones • Bone marrow-soft connective tissue that occupies the inner cavity of certain bones and produces red blood cells (marrow cavity or medullary cavity) • Blood vessel- supplies blood to bone • Periosteum- fibrous connective tissue covering the surface of bone, place where circumferential growth of long bones occur

  8. LONG BONE DIAGRAM

  9. Anatomical terminology 1.1.5 • Anatomical position- an erect body stance with the eyes directed forward, the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward • Inferior- refers to a structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body • Superior- refers to a structure being closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body • Proximal- refers to the limbs only, this term refers to a structure being closer to the median plane or root of the limb than another structure in the limb • Distal- refers to the limbs only, this term refers to a structure being further away from the median plane or root of the limb than another structure

  10. TERMINOLOGY CONTINUED • Anterior-refers to a structure being more in front than another structure of the body • Posterior-refers to a structure being more in back than another structure of the body • Median plane-midline plane dividing the body into left and right halves • Medial-refers to a structure being closer to the median plane than another structure in the body • Lateral-refers to a structure being further away from the median plane than another stucture in the body

  11. EXAMPLES The head is superior to the shoulders The shoulder is proximal to the elbow The patella is anterior to the hamstrings The hand is distal to the elbow The inside of the elbow is medial to the outside Lateral collateral ligament

  12. 1.1.6 • Cartilage-a type of supportive and protective connective tissue commonly called “gristle”. It forms a precursor to one type of bone and persists at the articulation surfaces on the bones of all movable joints

  13. Ligament-connects bone to bone

  14. Tendon-connects muscle to bone

  15. Joints 1.1.7 & 1.1.8 • Joints-occur where two bones articulate or meet one another • Types • Fibrous-immovable (skull) • Cartilaginous-semi-movable (spine) • Synovial-freely movable (shoulder, knee, elbow, ankle) • Page 53

  16. Synovial joint make-up 1.1.9 • Articular cartilage-a cartilaginous covering over the articulating surface of the bones of synovial joints • Synovial membrane-inner membrane of a synovial joint which secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity • Synovial fluid-fluid that lubricates a synovial joint • Bursa-a saclike structure filled with synovial fluid which occurs around joints and over which tendons can slide without contacting bone • Menisci-wedge shaped cartilage in certain movable joints • Articular cartilage-cartilaginous covering over the articulating surface of the bones of synovial joints

  17. Types of synovial joints 1.1.10 Page 53 Hinge joint-elbow, knee Ball & socket joint-hip, shoulder Condyloid joint-fingers Pivot joint-atlas & axis or C1 & C2 Gliding joint-carpals Saddle joint-thumb

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