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Legislation & Policy Initiatives to Secure Ecosystem Services Coastal & Marine Areas

Legislation & Policy Initiatives to Secure Ecosystem Services Coastal & Marine Areas. Climate & Ecosystem Hearing Jackie Alder Sea Around Us Project 13 April 2008. Ecosystem Services Coastal. Storm & flood protection Erosion control Biodiversity Food. Ecosystem Services Marine.

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Legislation & Policy Initiatives to Secure Ecosystem Services Coastal & Marine Areas

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  1. Legislation & Policy Initiatives to Secure Ecosystem Services Coastal & Marine Areas Climate & Ecosystem Hearing Jackie Alder Sea Around Us Project 13 April 2008

  2. Ecosystem ServicesCoastal • Storm & flood protection • Erosion control • Biodiversity • Food

  3. Ecosystem ServicesMarine • Climate regulation • Nutrient cycling • Food

  4. Sea level rise Warmer inshore water Increased cyclone incidences and severity Increased wave action Increased rainfall Erosion Flooding Salt water contamination Increased harmful algal blooms and diseases Coral bleaching Invasive species Biodiversity decline Climate ChangeCoast

  5. Regions Vulnerable to FloodingMid-estimate (45 cm) by ~ 2080 UNFCCC 2007

  6. Increased sea temperature Acidification Current patterns Storm/waves Fish distributions Changes to nutrient cycling - desertification of oceans Fish distribution changes Climate ChangeMarine Holbrook et al 2002

  7. Desertification Chlorophyll Red = declining Blue = increasing NOAA 2008

  8. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2003 Relative abundance Low High

  9. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2007 Relative abundance Low High

  10. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2011 Relative abundance Low High

  11. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2015 Relative abundance Low High

  12. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2019 Relative abundance Low High

  13. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2023 Relative abundance Low High

  14. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2027 Relative abundance Low High

  15. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2031 Relative abundance Low High

  16. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2035 Relative abundance Low High

  17. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2039 Relative abundance Low High

  18. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2043 Relative abundance Low High

  19. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2047 Relative abundance Low High

  20. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2051 Relative abundance Low High

  21. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2055 Relative abundance Low High

  22. South African hake (Merluccius capensis) 2059 Relative abundance Low High

  23. Can Anything Be Done? Kleyplas et al 1999 UNFCCC 2007

  24. Mitigation or Adaptation?Both are Needed Mitigation - options limited in coasts and marine areas Reduce GHG Adaptation - more options Reactive Proactive UNFCCC 2007

  25. UNFCCC 2007

  26. UNFCCC 2007

  27. Proactive • Payout • Rebuild • Retro-fit • Accommodate • Retreat

  28. Reactive Protection • Soft • beach nourishment • dune rehabilitation • mangrove restoration • Hard • Seawalls • Gryones

  29. Best Practiceswith a climate change lens • Integrated coastal management • Set backs • Infrastructure • Access • Development/planning/urbanization • Disaster Preparation • Strengthening traditional coping mechanisms • Habitat restoration and protection • Fisheries reconstruction and ecosystem approaches • Marine Protected Areas

  30. Case Studies • NAPA • Uruguay • Kiribati

  31. National Adaptation Programmes of Action For Lesser Developed Countries (49) supported by the UNFCCC • Human health • Socio-economic development • Water • Agriculture • Coastal management 32/49 NAPAs completed - Africa, Asia primarily

  32. Common Themes for Coasts and Marine Areas(16 countries)

  33. Uruguay • Working on Third Climate Change Action Plan (PMEGEMA) • MVOTMA declared Ministerial Interest in the implementation of the measures in the PMEGEMA • Transportation • Agriculture • Forestry • Waste • Energy UNFCCC 2007

  34. Adaptation Measures • Coastal Resources • Promote ICZM • Establishment monitoring system for surge and beach profiles • Study and rehabilitation of degraded coastal areas • Fishery Resources • Monitoring of oceanographic and fishery variables • Sea farming: stocking lagoons with shrimp post larvae for harvesting • Incremental controls to prevent residual water dumping in coastal areas UNFCCC 2007

  35. Kiribati • Small Pacific Islands • Low lying coral cays Climate Impacts • Coastal erosion • Salt water contamination • Flooding • Declining agriculture and fisheries • Coral bleaching MELAD 2007

  36. NAPA - Kiribati • Water - well improvements • Meterological - equipment & reporting • Agriculture- gene banking, salt tolerant crops • Coastal - roads and seawalls • Coastal Management • Coral reef rehabilitation MELAD 2007

  37. Coastal & Coral Reef Adaptation Measures • Risk management planning including adding resilience • Coastal habitat protection • MPAs • Coastal infrastructure • Artificial reefs • Hatchery for stocking lagoons MELAD 2007

  38. Ensuring Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services Put on you Climate Change Glasses and: Follow best Practices for Coastal Management • Setbacks • Coastal protection and rehabilitation • Risk management and disaster preparation And Fisheries Management (Ecosystem Approach) • Reduce effort • Ban destructive fishing practices • Precautionary catch limits • Property rights & economic incentives • MPAs

  39. Acknowledgements… • Thanks to the Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia; • Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; • Members of the Sea Around Us project, and many others... visit us atwww.seaaroundus.org

  40. Sector Adaptation Measures • Agriculture • Biodiversity • Coastal Resources • Water Resources • Fisheries • Human Health UNFCCC 2007

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