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The French Revolution

Mr. Lockwood Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic High School Chapter 18.1. The French Revolution. Do Now: Take Out Homework. In most of Europe. Old Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18 th century

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The French Revolution

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  1. Mr. Lockwood Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic High School Chapter 18.1 The French Revolution

  2. Do Now: Take Out Homework

  3. In most of Europe • Old Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18th century • Countries were ruled by absolutism – the monarch had absolute control over the government (Divine Right) • What do you suppose the enlightenment philosophers think of this????

  4. Causes of the French Revolution

  5. 1.The (unfair) Social Class Structure • In France, people were divided into three estates • First Estate • High-ranking members of the Church • Privileged class • Second Estate • Nobility • Privileged class • Third Estate • Everyone else – from peasants in the countryside to wealthy bourgeoisie (middle class) merchants in the cities • Unprivileged class

  6. Do Now: Take out HW answer the questions below • What are the responsibilities of a King? • Which Enlightenment thinker would disagree most with all the responsibilities a King has? • Is anyone in here French? If not think about your heritage and the country your from, were your people at one time ruled by a monarch? If so how was freedom gained?

  7. Test • To get your grade: • Multiply raw score on MC by 3 (do not pay attention to the % correct) • Add that number to what you scored out of 25 on the writing • People lost points in 2 common places • Multiple choice (next test take a look at regents prep and the questions at the end of the chapter) • Part 2 of the writing task (many people did not even attempt to address it!)

  8. What was Louis the XVI’s job?

  9. 2. Too Much Power • Louis XVI controlled all aspects of the government • Controlled the military • Controlled the finances (what to do with tax payer money) • Controlled who paid taxes!!

  10. 3. Unfair Tax System • First and second estates do not have to pay the taille Taille- France’s chief tax!

  11. 4. France is Bankrupt!! • The king (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself and residences like Versailles • Queen Marie Antoinette was seen as a wasteful spender • Deficit spending – a government spending more money than it takes in from tax revenues • Privileged classes would not submit to being taxed

  12. 4b. The American Revolution • The spark that puts France into financial crisis • Louis XVI spends huge amounts to assist the colonist

  13. 5. The Enlightenment • People are discontent and looking for change • Enlightened ideas offer a different path • A path that calls for: • Equality • Separation of powers • Democracy!!!

  14. How the Revolution Begins

  15. The Estates-General Meets(which had not met since 1614) • Winter of 1788-1789 • Louis XVI had called the Estates General meeting to raise taxes to pay off growing debt • Members of the estates elected representatives • Nothing out of the ordinary at this meeting

  16. How the Estates General Works • Voting was conducted by estate • Each estate had one vote • First and Second Estates could operate as a bloc to stop the Third Estate from having its way First Estate + Second Estate Versus Third Estate

  17. Quiz Tomorrow • Who was the King of France before the French Revolution? • Why did people hate Marie Ant0inette so much? • The causes of the French Revolution • The estate system • Helping which country helped spark the financial crisis in France?

  18. Meeting of the Estates-General: May 5, 1789 • Representatives from the Third Estate demanded that voting be by population • This would give the Third Estate a great advantage • Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly

  19. Tennis Court Oath

  20. National Assembly (1789-1791) • Louis XVI did not actually want a written constitution • News of his plan to use military force against the National Assembly reaches Paris • On July 14, 1789, people stormed the Bastille

  21. THE GREAT FEAR • Peasant rebellions-attacks on nobles • “Neither a man nor a crowd nor a nation can be trusted to act humanely or to think sanely under the influence of a great fear.”

  22. Declaration of the Rights of Man

  23. This Day In History: October 1 • 1768- British troops under General Gauge land in Boston 1776 – American Patriots learn they will have French support1791 - 1st session of new French legislative assembly1795 - France annexes Southern Netherlands1795 - Belgium is conquered by France.1800- Spain cedes Louisiana to France in a secret treaty1814 - Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte the previous spring.

  24. Do Now: Define the following words and answer the question • Radical- • Commune- • Sans-culottes- • Critical Thinking/Drawing Connections: • Why is it ironic that so many were executed during the French Revolution? Whose ideas did this go against • Topic: World Leaders • He took office 34 days before FDR and left office 19 days after FDR. Who is he?

  25. The Revolution Becomes Radical

  26. Why the revolution becomes radical • Threat of foreign intervention to restore monarchy • Still food shortages • Still financial woes • War with Austria going badly

  27. Goodbye, Versailles! • Women attacked Versailles on October 5, 1789 • Royal family to relocates to Paris • Allows the National Assembly to make some reforms • Flying of the new flag

  28. Rise of the Commune • Paris radicals declare themselves the commune • Abolish the monarchy • Take the King and Queen hostage • Call themselves sans-culottes • Meaning “without breeches” b/c they wore long trousers • Key members are Georges Danton and Jean-Paul Marat • 1792 the French Republic is born

  29. Fate of the King • Girondins, less radical, lean towards keeping him alive • Jacobins club, push for execution • Did not want the king to be a rallying point for opponents of the republic • 1793 the King is condemned to death • January 21 he is beheaded by the Guillotine!!!

  30. Begin to develop an essay Theme: Change – Revolution Throughout history, revolutions have developed in response to a variety of conditions. These revolutions have often resulted in significant political, economic and social change. • As we move through this chapter, we want to begin to formulate an essay on the causes, stages, and effects of the French Revolution. • You have the groundwork for this essay (you can write an introduction, causes and beginning stages) Helpful Hints: • The French Revolution occurred between the 1789 and 1795 (give or take) • The stages of the revolution begin with the calling of the Estates General

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