1 / 11

EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE

EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE. Factors influencing vaccine efficacy. Closeness of the match between the vaccine strain and the circulating virus Age of vaccinee: older people do not respond as well

scott-miles
Download Presentation

EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF INACTIVED INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE

  2. Factors influencing vaccine efficacy • Closeness of the match between the vaccine strain and the circulating virus • Age of vaccinee: older people do not respond as well • Health of the vaccinee: people with chronic illnesses and immune system disorders do not respond as well as healthy individuals • Number of vaccinations – regular annual vaccinations improve the protection compared with the first year of vaccination • Type of vaccine used

  3. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in healthy adults • Prevention of influenza infection • Recommended inactivated parenteral vaccines • Efficacy: 70% • Effectiveness: 25% • Recommended live aerosol vaccines • Efficacy: 48% • Effectiveness: 15% Demicheli V et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 3: CD001269.

  4. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly and high-risk persons • Prevention of illness and death • Among high-risk adults (e.g. patients with chronic cardiovascular, respiratory or renal disease) 18–64 years, vaccination prevented:1 • 78% of deaths • 87% of hospitalisations • 26% of GP visits • Among elderly individuals (> 65 years), vaccination prevented:1 • 50% of deaths • 48% of hospitalisations 1. Hak E et al. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 274–80

  5. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly and high-risk persons • Prevention of illness and death • Among community-dwelling elderly individuals, influenza vaccination prevented 1 death for every 302 vaccinees at vaccination coverage between 64% and 74% Voordouw AC et al. JAMA 2004; 292: 2089–95.

  6. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly persons • In a meta-analysis of 20 cohort studies, pooled estimates of vaccine efficacy demonstrated prevention of morbidity and mortality during the influenza season • Respiratory illness 56% • Pneumonia 53% • Hospitalisation 50% • Death68% The studies confirm the effectivenessof influenza vaccine Gross PA et al. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 518–27.

  7. 1.4 Regular annual vaccination improves protection 1.2 1.0 0.8 Odds ratio – influenza death 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Previous only 1985–88 Vaccinated 1989and previously First vaccination1989 Influenza deaths versus vaccination history WHO Collaborating Centre for Influenza, Melbourne.

  8. Correlation between different factors and the risk of recurrent MI OR Correlation Current hypertension 4.96 ++ Hypercholesterolemia 4.08 ++ Smoking 3.75 ++ Influenza vaccination 0.33 -- Influenza vaccination inpatients with CHD • Case control study of 218 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) during the 1997–98 influenza season in the USA • Efficacy of influenza vaccine in reducing the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with CHD Vaccination associated with a reduced risk of recurrent MI Past and current influenza vaccination reducesthe risk of recurrent MI in CHD patients Naghavi M et al. Circulation 2000; 102: 3039–45.

  9. Influenza vaccination inindividuals with asthma • No significant increase in asthma exacerbations in the 2 weeks following influenza vaccination • Based on pooled results of two trialsinvolving 2306 individuals with asthmain a Cochrane review • No significant reduction in influenza-related asthma exacerbations • Based on a recent study of 696 childrenwith asthma Cates CJ et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 2: CD000364.

  10. Years of life bought forUS$1 million (1990 dollars) Pap smear every 3 years52 life-years Bypass surgery for left main 134 life-yearscoronary artery disease Pneumococcal pneumonia 100 life-yearsvaccination Influenza vaccination 11,100 life-years Influenza vaccination is a highly cost-effective healthcare intervention Russell LB. Health Aff (Millwood) 1992; 11: 162–9.

  11. By courtesy of APACIAsia-Pacific Advisory Committee on influenzawww.apaci-flu.com

More Related