Reactor Mole Balance Summary

1. Reactor Mole Balance Summary

2. Keeping MBAs Away From Chemical Reactors The process worked for 19 years before they showed up!! Why did they come???? What did they want????

6. NO2 NO2 Cl NH2 + 2NH3 + NH4Cl ONCB + Ammonia Nitroanaline + Ammonium Chloride Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction

7. NH3 in H2O ONCB Autoclave 175 oC ~550 psi NH3 Separation Filter Press O-Nitroaniline Product Stream “fast” Orange Nitroaniline Synthesis Process To Crystallizing Tanks

8. Old 3 kmol ONCB 43 kmol Ammonia 100 kmol Water V = 3.25 m3 Nitroaniline Synthesis Reactor

9. NO2 NO2 Cl NH2 + 2NH3 + NH4Cl ONCB + Ammonia Nitroanaline + Ammonium Chloride Same Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction Batch Reactor, 24 hour reaction time Management said:TRIPLE PRODUCTION

10. New 9 kmol ONCB 33 kmol Ammonia 100 kmol Water V = 5 m3 MBAStyle Nitroaniline Synthesis Reactor

11. Monsanto Accident

14. 400 Temperature oC Cooling Restored Isothermal Operation 200 175 9:55 t = 0 10:40 10:50 midnight 12:18 Temperature-time trajectory fuse

15. 400 Temperature oC Cooling Restored Qr = 0 Isothermal Operation 200 175 9:55 t = 0 10:40 10:50 midnight 12:18 Temperature-time trajectory fuse

17. Chemical Reaction Engineering Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.

18. Chemical Reaction Engineering Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.

19. Chemical Reaction Engineering Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers. Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) are: CPI (Chemical Process Industries) Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron Pharmaceutical – Antivenom, Drug Delivery Medicine – Tissue Engineering, Drinking and Driving Microelectronics – CVD Automotive Chemical Sensors – CO, NOx

20. Chemical reaction engineering is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.

21. Chemical reaction engineering is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place. TODAY’S LECTURE Introduction Definitions General Mole Balance Equation Batch CSTR PFR PBR

24. KEEPING UP

25. Question • What topics did you study in ChE 343???

26. Separations Filtration Distillation Adsorption These topics do not build upon one another

27. Reaction Engineering Mole Balance Rate Laws Stoichiometry These topics build upon one another

28. Heat Effects Isothermal Design Stoichiometry Rate Laws Mole Balance

29. Rate Laws Mole Balance

30. Isothermal Design Heat Effects Rate Laws Stoichiometry Mole Balance

31. Critical Thinking Socratic Questioning is the Heart of Critical Thinking R. W. Paul’s Six Types of Socratic Questions

32. Assignments ICMs Web Material Let’s see if we can go to the web

34. Outline • Black board

35. Chemical Identity • A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.

36. Chemical Identity • A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. • The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.

37. Chemical Identity • A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. 1. Decomposition

38. Chemical Identity • A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. 1. Decomposition 2. Combination

39. Chemical Identity • A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. 1. Decomposition 2. Combination 3. Isomerization

40. Reaction Rate • The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.

41. Reaction Rate • The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. • The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.

42. Reaction Rate Consider the isomerization : rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume

43. Reaction Rate Consider the isomerization rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume -rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume

44. Reaction Rate Consider the isomerization rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume -rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume

45. Reaction Rate • EXAMPLE: If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie, rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s

46. Reaction Rate • EXAMPLE: * If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie, rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s Then A is disappearing at the same rate: -rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s

47. Reaction Rate • EXAMPLE: If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie, rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s Then A is disappearing at the same rate: -rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s The rate of formation (generation of A) is rA= -0.2 mole/dm3/s

48. Reaction Rate • For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis. NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction

49. Reaction Rate Consider species j: • rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]

50. Reaction Rate • rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s] • rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)