Biology Competency Test Practice

1. Biology Competency Test Practice May 17, 18 2011

2. Multiple Choice

3. 1. Scientists use a certain technique to measure RNA levels in various cell types. Which of the following is most directly observed by this technique? A. mutationB. biomagnificationC. gene expressionD. osmotic regulation

4. 2. A certain trait is caused by a recessively inherited gene that is not sex-linked. A man and a woman, neither of whom exhibit the trait, have a child with the trait. What is the probability their second child will have the trait? • A. 0% • B. 25% • C. 50% • D. 100%

5. 3. A pyramid of biomass illustrates the relative amount of living organic matter available at each trophic level in an ecosystem. How is this concept illustrated on a pyramid of biomass? A. Plants are always located on the top of the pyramid. B. Plants are always located in the middle of the pyramid. C. Plants are shown to have the smallest number of individual organisms. D. Plants form the base of the pyramid and have the greatest overall bio-mass.

6. 4. Athletes want a drink to help them maintain constant cellular respiration during their game. To accomplish this goal, their drink should contain. A. ATP. B. lipids. C. glucose. D. proteins.

7. 5. Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower are all variations of the same species of mustard plant. If they are allowed to crossbreed, they will eventually produce similar-looking offspring. What process created these different variations in the first place? A. sexual reproduction B. natural selection C. DNA transplants D. selective breeding

8. 6. Which cellular process in plants makes them useful to animals as a source of energy? A. ATP production B. DNA replication C. cellular respiration D. glucose production

9. The Genetics of Mouse FurDark brown fur - B dominantLight brown fur - b recessive 7. If two heterozygous mice (Bb ) are repeatedly crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will have dark brown fur? A. 1/3 B. 1/2 C. 3/4 D. 3/2

10. 8. In 2000, gene therapy was used to cure three infants with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID). The technology can only be used if SCID is what kind of disease? A. inherited B. infectious C. metabolic D. contagious

11. Performance Assessments

12. Part 1Tom Ato’s New Crop Tom Ato, a farmer in central New Jersey, is attempting to improve the yield of his tomato crop. He wants to create a tomato hybrid that will produce lots of tomatoes, reaching at least 10 ounces in size.

13. Tomatoes with cracks in them are harder to sell, so Tom Ato needs his tomato hybrid to resist cracking. Unfortunately, soil testing has indicated that Tom Ato’s soil is infected with nematodes and tomato mosaic virus, which affect the growth of the tomatoes.

14. Since treating his fields with chemicals to remove these disease-causing agents is expensive and can harm the environment, Tom Ato wants hybrid tomato plants that are resistant to these two infectious agents. He plans to cross two varieties of purebred tomatoes in an attempt to obtain all of the traits he is looking for: crack-resistant, nematode-resistant, tomato mosaic virus-resistant, and at least 10 ounces in size.

15. hybrid – offspring of crosses between parents with different traits cracking – a common problem for tomatoes grown in regions where rainfall amounts can be unpredictable nematodes – microscopic roundworms living in soil that attack the roots of plants tomato mosaic virus – a common plant disease that lowers the quality and quantity of the crop purebred – organisms that carry only one variation of a characteristic

17. Task 1) Select two varieties of purebred tomato to cross from Figure 1 to produce a hybrid tomato with all of the desired traits. • crack-resistant • nematode-resistant • tomato mosaic virus-resistant • at least 10 ounces in size

18. 2) Explain, using evidence from the table in Figure 1, why the two tomato varieties were selected to cross in order to create the desired hybrid. 3) Although Tom chose a combination in which all four traits should be present, not all of the hybrid offspring produced had the desired traits. Discuss ONE reason as to why this outcome could occur.

19. 4) Tom was successful in obtaining the desired traits from the two varieties of purebreds during the first cross. Looking ahead to the next planting season, would you recommend that he cross the first generation of hybrid offspring OR cross the purebred parents again? Justify your recommendation using biological concepts and principles.

21. Part 2Fueling Change CropCorp is a new corporation with the mission of developing new biofuels. You have been hired as a consultant to manage its newly acquired farm. You must decide which crop will most efficiently transform sunlight into a product that can be used to make a biofuel. You want to choose a crop that will make the most efficient use of space and resources (land, fertilizer, money).

22. The farm you are planning for is located in central New Jersey, where the soil is a mix of sand, clay, and organic material with some stone and gravel. The land is flat with a 2-acre pond and 100 acres of forest that can be used for logging. One acre of land is approximately the size of a football field.

23. All alternative fuel decisions have environmental and economic costs that must be considered. CropCorp would like you to recommend which crop, corn or switchgrass, should be planted on the new farm. • biofuels – any fuels that are obtained from a renewable biological resource • switchgrass – native prairie grass that can be grown in abundance in the United States

25. Task • Review the data about corn and switchgrass provided in Figure 1. 2) Determine which ONE crop you think would be the better crop for the farm, considering all factors provided in Figure 1. 3) Write a persuasive argument to the president of the corporation, detailing your decision and justifying your ONE crop choice using data from Figure 1. Be sure to include all of the following elements: • Which crop you have chosen and why. • Cite evidence and data from Figure 1 to support your recommendation. • Address potential environmental and economic consequences of your recommendation.