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The First Flight of EUSO Balloon a prototype of JEM-EUSO

The First Flight of EUSO Balloon a prototype of JEM-EUSO. Jim Adams a , Evgeny Kuznetsov a , Matthew Rodencal a , Jurgen Sawatzki a , Mark Christl b , Lawrence Weincke c and Johannes Eser c for the EUSO Collaboration a University of Alabama in Huntsville

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The First Flight of EUSO Balloon a prototype of JEM-EUSO

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  1. The First Flight of EUSO Balloona prototype of JEM-EUSO Jim Adamsa, Evgeny Kuznetsova, Matthew Rodencala, JurgenSawatzkia, Mark Christlb, Lawrence Weinckec and Johannes Eserc for the EUSO Collaboration aUniversity of Alabama in Huntsville bNASA Marshall Space Fight Center cColorado School of Mines UHECR 2014

  2. Objectives for the first flight of EUSO-BALLOON: • Test and mature JEM-EUSO technology • Detect the UV signals from the helicopter and use them to calibrate EUSO-BALLOON • Measure the UV background UHECR 2014

  3. EUSO BALLOON Design • Video Camera • very high speed • very sensitive • Focal Surface • Photon Detection Module (PDM) from JEM-EUSO • IR Camera • Bispectral • 10.8 & 12 μm • waterproof • measures the color-temperature of clouds UHECR 2014

  4. Fresnel Optics • Entrance Aperture: 1 m2 • Field of View: 12 • Focal Spot: ~7 mm diameter • Resolution: ~500 m at sea level • Estimated throughput: 50% UHECR 2014

  5. Photon Detection Module • 36 Multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs) • 64 anodes each • 2304 pixels, total • Each MAPMT is covered by a UV filter (300-400 nm) • Framing time: 2.5s UHECR 2014

  6. Infrared Camera • The extensive air showers (EASs) from extreme energy cosmic rays extend deep into the troposphere. • An infrared camera is needed to monitor for interference from clouds. This camera will be used to: • Measure cloud cover • Determine cloud top altitudes • With these measurements: • Dead-time can be estimated • Frame Rate: 0.0125 Hz • Bispectral: 10.8 & 12 μm • FoV: 45 UHECR 2014

  7. Balloon flight Operations • Flight: ~5 hours at 38 km altitude • Field of viewon the ground: ~250 m2 • Energy threshold: ~5X1017eV • No cosmic rays expected • Forced trigger at 20 Hz • Laser used to simulate horizontal EASs • Flashers used to simulate vertical EASs UHECR 2014

  8. Helicopter Under-flight for Calibration A Bell 212 helicopter carrying a UV flasher and a UV laser was flown under EUSO-BALLOON on a helicopter at an altitude of ~3.2 km for 2.5 hours on August 24/25. The laser and flashers were fired at 19 Hz. UHECR 2014

  9. Laser System: Energy 9-16 mJ EAS equivalent ~ 1020 eV Polarization randomized GPS synchronized J. Eser, L. Wiencke

  10. Laser pulses fired from helicopter while under the balloon Laser Beam Calibration (pre and post flight) J. Eser, L. Wiencke

  11. The Flashers UV LED • Firing Sequence • UV LED • Laser • Xenon Flasher Xenon Lamp Holder with mounted filters UHECR 2014

  12. UV LED Calibration Characteristics Projected number of photoelectrons at focal pixel versus control voltage. Calibration curve was measured before and after flight in Canada JEM-EUSO Workshop - Toulouse

  13. Calibration of the Xenon Flasher Projected number of photoelectrons at focal PDM pixel at 4 high voltage settings. Integrated number of photoelectrons over 8 consecutive GTU time frames. Calibration was conducted after the flight in Canada. JEM-EUSO Workshop - Toulouse

  14. Inside the Helicopter Flasher Controller Laser UHECR 2014

  15. Helicopter Operations Matthew Rodencal directed the pilots to fly under the balloon using a balloon tracker system he developed. Johannes Eser operated the laser and the flasher via a single-board computer he programmed UHECR 2014

  16. Tracking Beacons on EUSO-BALLOON Quarter-wave HAM Antenna on the landing fame at the bottom of EUSO-BALLOON Redundant Trackers on EUSO BALLOON UHECR 2014

  17. Balloon Track (blue)Helicopter Track (Red) UHECR 2014

  18. Helicopter Viewed from the Balloon Circumscribed Circle Inscribed Circle UHECR 2014

  19. Appearance of Ideal Focal Spot • Flasher and Laser Firing Sequence • LED Flasher (70 s) • Laser – 7 ns pulse • (FOV crossing time • 25 s) • Xe Flasher (~50 s) • Video Clip – 320 s • Cadence – 20 clips/sec Prepared by Jörg Bayer & Alejandro Guzman UHECR 2014

  20. Video Clip from EUSO BALLOON UHECR 2014

  21. Data Analysis Plans • Use the onboard magnetometerand other datato find the orientation of EUSO BALLOON • Determine the position of the helicopter image on the focal surface versus time • Identify flashes from the helicopter • Calibrate EUSO Balloon at many places on the focal surface • Search the video clips for flashes not from the helicopter • Measure the ambient background light level during the flight UHECR 2014

  22. Plans for the Next Flight • Objectives • Detect the first cosmic ray EAS signals from above • Search for EAS-like background flashes • Instrument Upgrades • Add a cosmic ray self-trigger • Add a third lens for chromatic correction and improved focus • Possible Flight Operation • Launch from New Zealand • Land in South America (Southern Patagonia) UHECR 2014

  23. The End UHECR 2014

  24. Helicopter Track UHECR 2014

  25. JEM-EUSO Mission • Objective: Find the accelerators of the most energetic particles in the universe and discover how they work. • Measure extensive air showers in the atmosphere • Reconstruct the energy and arrival direction of each particle. Very large high-speed and wide-angle video camera to capture video clips of the nitrogen fluorescence in the atmosphere from extensive air showers caused by extreme energy cosmic rays. UHECR 2014

  26. V1.0 8/30 2014 Balloon Timmins Campaign August 24/25th 2014 Timmins CN EUSO- Balloon 38 km Field of View Flasher, LED 3 km Laser Bell 212 Helicopter

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