BIODIVERSITY

1. Biodiversity: number differenttypes A measure of the _______ of _____________ of organisms in an ecosystem. LOW biodiversity makes an ecosystem _______. HIGH biodiversity makes an ecosystem _______. weaker stronger BIODIVERSITY Conservationists are people who work to save organisms and ecosystems. But since their resources are limited, and there are many ecosystems in threat, they have to decide where to focus their efforts. Some conservationists feel that focusing on threatened areas with higher biodiversity is the best approach.

2. Biodiversity: number differenttypes A measure of the _______ of _____________ of organisms in an ecosystem. Hotspots: Places with _______________ and which are under _____ high biodiversity threat human by ______ activities. BIODIVERSITY

3. Biodiversity: number differenttypes A measure of the _______ of _____________ of organisms in an ecosystem. Hotspots: Places with _______________ and which are under _____ high biodiversity threat human by ______ activities. BIODIVERSITY • What makes a place a hotspot? • It has to have at least • _____ native plants 1500 70 and have lost ___% of its primary vegetation. 25 • There are ___ hotspots and __more are under consideration. 9

4. HABITAT Habitats: specieslives The natural environment in which a ___________ meet all of its needs and which it depends on to __________________. What is the #1 REASONthat species become endangered or go extinct in TERRESTRIAL ecosystems? Habitat Destruction

5. HABITAT Habitats: specieslives The natural environment in which a ___________ meet all of its needs and which it depends on to __________________. What is the #1 REASONthat species become endangered or go extinct in AQUATIC ecosystems? Over Fishing and Harvesting

6. HABITAT Large Scale Habitat Destruction Deforestation Urbanization For lumber, agricultural land, pasture lands or creating towns. What do you think was here before? Soil Erosion Without plant roots, there’s nothing to trap water and hold it in the soil in drier climates. Without plant roots, there’s nothing to hold on to the soil when it rains in wet climates. Desertification Sedimentation of Waterways

7. HABITAT Large Scale Habitat Destruction United States Borneo 1620 1950 1985 2000 1850 2005 2010 2020 1920

8. HABITAT Large Scale Habitat Destruction 3% Fires, Mining, Roads, Dams, Cities Destruction of Indonesian Forests: The Appetite for Palm Oil. 3% Logging 1% Commercial Agriculture 33%Subsistence Agriculture Amazon Rainforest 60% Cattle Ranches Amazon Rainforest Deforestation 2000-2005

9. Ecological Niche: role The specific ____ a species performs in its ecosystem. how it interacts • Its role is determined by ______________with the bioticand abiotic components of its ecosystem. ECOLOGICAL NICHE What is the ecological niche of the deer? • It is a herbivore which eats a variety of plants in the forest. This prevents these plants from overpopulating. • It provides food for its predators and carrion for scavengers. • It provides the soil with nutrients from its manure.

10. Ecological Niche: role The specific ____ a species performs in its ecosystem. how it interacts • Its role is determined by ______________with the bioticand abiotic components of its ecosystem. ECOLOGICAL NICHE What is the ecological niche of a bee? • It pollinates different flowers to allow them to produce seeds and offspring. • They feed their own group of predators.

11. Are any two ecological niches EXACTLY THE SAME? Compare OWL HAWK ECOLOGICAL NICHE eats rodents eats rodents active at day active at night hunts in grasslands hunts in forests nests in low trees nests in tall trees • Niches can _______ , but are ___________________. overlap neverexactly the same decreasescompetition • This ___________________ and makes room for many species.

12. INDIVIDUAL: One organism in a population of the same species. POPULATION: A group of individuals of a species in an area. GROUPINGS OF LIFE COMMUNITY: All populations of all species in an area. Each group of life gets more complex as you move forward. ECOSYSTEM: BIOSPHERE: BIOME: A community and its abiotic environment. A group of similar ecosystems. The sum of all the ecosystems on the Earth.

13. SPECIES What makes individuals members of the same species? Species: A species is a group of individuals who: Healthy but infertile. similar 1) Are ______in appearance. natural 2) Breed in ______ environments. 3) Can produce _______ and _____ offspring. healthy fertile Are the following three organisms the same species? + = NOT THE SAME SPECIES Horse Donkey Mule Hybrid: different offspring The ________of two organisms of similar but ________ species, same or of the _____ species but of different breeds, strains or varieties.

14. SPECIES Species: A species is a group of individuals who: similar 1) Are ______in appearance. natural 2) Breed in ______ environments. 3) Can produce _______ and _____ offspring. healthy fertile Do the following four organisms belong to the same species? All tigers are in Asia and most lions are in Africa (few in Asia). + = NOT THE SAME SPECIES Liger Most hybrids are created in captivity. Tiger Lion Tigon

15. SPECIES Species: Then how did this happen? A species is a group of individuals who: similar 1) Are ______in appearance. natural 2) Breed in ______ environments. 3) Can produce _______ and _____ offspring. healthy fertile What about these three? Are they the same species? + = NOT THE SAME SPECIES Polar Bear Grizzly Bear Pizzly Bear Hybrid Polar bears and grizzly bears do not live in the same habitat so they cannot breed together in natural environments.

16. SPECIES But with the melting pack ice, their territories are beginning to overlap more… perhaps… Grrrrr, don’t mess with me! Get a mint! Your breath stinks! They usually would be natural enemies.

17. SPECIES But with the melting pack ice, their territories are beginning to overlap more… perhaps… What lovely eyes you have. I never noticed how pretty your ears were!

18. SPECIES In the Northwest Territoriesin 2006, Jim Martell, a big game hunter, got a licence to hunt a polar bear. But it wasn’t a polar bear, it was a pizzly bear. After tracking for several hours, his Inuit trackers led him to a polar bear and he shot it. One of the only few wild specimens ever found.

19. SPECIES Species: A species is a group of individuals who: similar 1) Are ______in appearance. natural 2) Breed in ______ environments. 3) Can produce _______ and _____ offspring. healthy fertile Are these three organisms members of the same species? ALL DOMESTIC DOGS ARE MEMBERS OF THE SAME SPECIES + = Shih Tzu Poodle Shihpoo All domestic dogs came from the domestication of the grey wolf several tens of thousands of years ago. Though different breeds of dogs have arisen, they are still genetically capable of breeding to create healthy (depending on the breed) offspring.

20. SPECIES What about human hybrids? Just Kidding!

21. SPECIES What do all of these people have in common? They are all REAL human hybrids. Naomi Campbell Amerie Kristin Kreuk Lisa Ray Black/Chinese Chinese/Dutch Korean/Black Bengali/Polish Bob Marley Tiger Woods Michael Lee Chin Cameron Diaz White/Black/ Native/Asian White/Black Chinese/Black Native/White

22. Sustainability: The ability to live in a manner that ensures that the resources used today are _________ and________ preserved renewed so that ecosystems can remain ______ , diverse productive healthy __________ and _______ The Story of Stuff ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY manygenerations for _______________ to come. What can these animals tell us about living sustainably? Hippo Dog Supermarket Polar Bear Cows Leopard Eels Penguin

23. Environmental Stewardship: personalresponsibility for the ____ Acting to take ___________________ care management and___________ ofthe Earth. Always reducefirst, Reusable bags reduce disposable plastic bags. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP then reuse, then recycle. Locally grown food has a lower carbon footprint. Emissions free transportation.

24. CASE STUDY: The Mystery of Easter Island By the time Europeans landed on the island in themid1800s, the inhabitants of the island were fewinnumberandstarving. Easter Island is a PolynesianIslandin the Pacific Ocean.

25. CASE STUDY: The Mystery of Easter Island However, there were over 300 immense statues, called Moai, that were found all over the island. How could the starving inhabitants of this island be the ones to have built and erected these great monuments?

26. CASE STUDY: The Mystery of Easter Island The answer lies in the history of how the Islanders misused the natural resources around them. Are we making the same mistakes today? Easter Island Revealed