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The solar limb during eclipses: Flash Spectrum Region and Baily beads

Costantino Sigismondi ICRA-Sapienza, Roma; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis and IRSOL Istituto Ricerche Solari di Locarno sigismondi@icra.it post-éclipse meeting, IAP 30.9.2010. The solar limb during eclipses: Flash Spectrum Region and Baily beads.

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The solar limb during eclipses: Flash Spectrum Region and Baily beads

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  1. Costantino Sigismondi ICRA-Sapienza, Roma; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis and IRSOL Istituto Ricerche Solari di Locarno sigismondi@icra.it post-éclipse meeting, IAP 30.9.2010 The solar limb during eclipses: Flash Spectrum Region and Baily beads

  2. ICRA and solar physicswww.icra.it/solar

  3. ICRA, International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Sapienza University of Rome# IOTA ES and US * # Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma # Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli, Roma * Yale Astronomy Department # Université de Nice-Fizeau Dept. # Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur(Calern site PICARD Sol)* Institute d'Astrophysique de Paris * # IRSOL * # # data and analysis * observations (CLAVIUS) Participating institutions

  4. Classification of Solar diameter measurements

  5. Measuring radius from Earth Drift-scan: solar angular speed * transit time = diameter problem: seeing • Angular direct measurements • problem: seeing, optical aberration • Mercury and Venus transits: planetary speed * transit time = diameter - problem: scintillation, black drop • Eclipses with Baily’s beads • problem:scintillation, signal to noise, filter, FSR

  6. Last solar cycle XXIII: SOHO data (June 2010)

  7. Calibrating eclipses for studying secular variations

  8. Eclipse Problem 1: scintillation

  9. Problem 2: Flash Spectrum Region

  10. Flash Spectrum (1905)

  11. Watts (1962) σ>0.2” random Kaguya (2009) σ<<0.01” sampling each 0.5”-5” Sampling 1-10 km Problem 3: lunar profile

  12. Real lunar limb vs Watts profile (Kilcic, Sigismondi, Rozelot & Guhl, So. Phys. 2009)

  13. Locarno Solar Obsevratory IRSOL Istituto Ricerche Solari di Locarno 10 km

  14. δR=-0.41”±0.05 ” (Kilcic et al. 2009) on 29 march 2006,in agreement with SOHO 2003 data preliminary:δR=-0.36”±0.15” on 15 Jan 2010, based on 6 beads from R.Nugent

  15. LIMB DARKENING FUNCTION WITH BAILY’S BEADS ANALYSIS Andrea Raponi and C. Sigismondi Sapienza University of Rome

  16. Total Solar Irradiance changed in the past, so also the diameter? Hendrick Avercamp (1585-1643), Amsterdam

  17. Eclipses Beads of 15/01/2010 by R. Nugent with Kaguya profile; software Occult

  18. Solar Limb and LDF seeing and inflection point

  19. Baily’s bead light curve depends on scintillation Valley’s profile + real LDF

  20. LDF and Flash Spectrum Region?

  21. computing LDF from light curve and Kaguya lunar profile

  22. LDF from 2 different beads x:units of 6 mas

  23. Synthetic LDF from Poissonian noise

  24. Notes: quartz oscillators physicsThewlis Enc. Dictionary of Physics, Pergamon Press 1962 Quartz, the preparation and use of, oscillators

  25. Annular Eclipse of 22/9/2006 2 watches: SONY e CASIO

  26. in French Guyana the temperature was > 8 °C than in Rome

  27. Roman tradition in solar diameter

  28. ….and in eclipses:In 1581 edition Clavius wrote: relinquebatur in Sole circulus quidam exilis undique totam lunam ambiens. He actually saw an annular eclipse. The Sun in 1567 was >2.5 arcsec larger than now ? Not possible for physical reasons…

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