1 / 44

Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Personality . Chapter 15 Outline. Historic Perspectives on Personality The Psychoanalytic Perspective The Humanistic Perspective Contemporary Research on Personality The Trait Perspective The Social-Cognitive Perspective Exploring the Self The Modern Unconscious Mind.

seanna
Download Presentation

Chapter 15

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 15 Personality

  2. Chapter 15 Outline • Historic Perspectives on Personality • The Psychoanalytic Perspective • The Humanistic Perspective • Contemporary Research on Personality • The Trait Perspective • The Social-Cognitive Perspective • Exploring the Self • The Modern Unconscious Mind

  3. What is Personality? • Personality • 2 basic historic perspectives • A. Psychoanalytic • B. Humanistic

  4. Psychoanalytic Humanistic Historic Perspectives

  5. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective • Freud’s Theory

  6. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective 1. Unconscious

  7. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective 1. Unconscious • Psychoanalysis • Free Association -

  8. Ego Conscious mind Unconscious mind Superego Id A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious • Personality Structure • Conflict centers on 3 interacting systems:

  9. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Structure • ID:

  10. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Structure • SUPEREGO:

  11. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Structure • EGO:

  12. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Development • Psychosexual Stages

  13. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Stage Focus Oral Pleasure centers on the mouth-- (0-18 months) sucking, biting, chewing Anal Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder (18-36 months) elimination; coping with demands for control Phallic Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with (3-6 years) incestuous sexual feelings Latency Dormant sexual feelings (6 to puberty) Genital Maturation of sexual interests (puberty on) A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious

  14. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Development • Oedipus Complex

  15. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Development • Identification • Fixation

  16. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Development & Defense Mechanisms • Humans must control their sexual & aggressive impulses and not act on them • Defense Mechanisms - • the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality 6 Examples: • 1. Repression:

  17. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Development & Defense Mechanisms • 2. Regression: • 3. Reaction formation:

  18. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Personality Development & Defense Mechanisms 6 Examples of Defense Mechanisms: • 4. Projection: • 5. Rationalization: • 6. Displacement:

  19. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Assessing the Unconscious • Projective Test

  20. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Assessing the Unconscious • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

  21. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective1. Unconscious Assessing the Unconscious • Rorschach Inkblot Test

  22. A. Psychoanalytic Perspective Neo-Freudians Accept Freud’s basic ideas but differ in 2 ways • Alfred Adler • Karen Horney • Carl Jung

  23. B. Humanistic Perspective • Focus on the ways “healthy” people strive for self-determination & self-realization • Debated are people naturally “good” • Critics say no – concepts are vague, subjective and self centered. • Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

  24. B. Humanistic Perspective • Carl Rogers (1902-1987) • focused on growth & fulfillment of individuals • Genuineness– • Acceptance – • Empathy –

  25. B. Humanistic Perspective • Self-Concept

  26. c. Trait Perspective d. Social-Cognitive Perspective e. Exploring the self F. The modern unconscious mind Contemporary Research on Perspectives

  27. C. Trait Perspective

  28. C. Trait Perspective Gordon Allport

  29. UNSTABLE Moody Touchy Anxious Restless Rigid Aggressive Sober Excitable Pessimistic Changeable Reserved Impulsive Unsociable Optimistic Quiet Active choleric melancholic INTROVERTED EXTRAVERTED Passive phlegmatic sanguine Sociable Careful Outgoing Thoughtful Talkative Peaceful Responsive Controlled Easygoing Reliable Lively Even-tempered Carefree Calm Leadership STABLE C. Trait Perspective

  30. C. Trait Perspective Assessing Traits • Personality Inventories • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

  31. C. Trait Perspective Assessing Traits • Empirically Derived Test

  32. Clinically significant range 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hypochondriasis (concern with body symptoms) Depression (pessimism, hopelessness) After treatment (no scores in the clinically significant range) Hysteria (uses symptoms to solve problems) Before treatment (anxious, depressed, and displaying deviant behaviors) Psychopathic deviancy (disregard for social standards) Masculinity/femininity (interests like those of other sex) Paranoia (delusions, suspiciousness) Psychasthenia (anxious, guilt feelings) Schizophrenia (withdrawn, bizarre thoughts) Hypomania (overactive, excited, impulsive) Social introversion (shy, inhibited) 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 T-score C. Trait Perspective • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test profile

  33. The “Big Five” Personality Factors Trait Dimension Description Emotional Stability Calm versus anxious Secure versus insecure Self-satisfied versus self-pitying Extraversion Sociable versus retiring Fun-loving versus sober Affectionate versus reserved Openness Imaginative versus practical Preference for variety versus preference for routine Independent versus conforming Agreeableness Soft-hearted versus ruthless Trusting versus suspicious Helpful versus uncooperative Conscientiousness Organized versus disorganized Careful versus careless Disciplined versus impulsive C. Trait Perspective The Big Five Factors

  34. D. Social-Cognitive Perspective • Social-Cognitive Perspective • Albert Bandura proposed the perspective

  35. D. Social-Cognitive Perspective • Bandura called the process of interacting with our environment Reciprocal Determinism • 3 Ways individuals & environments interact: • Different people choose different environments • Our personalities shape how we interpret & react to events • Our personalities help create situations which we react

  36. D. Social-Cognitive Perspective • Personal Control • 2 ways to study the effect of personal control • i. Correlate • ii. Experiment

  37. D. Social-Cognitive Perspective Locus of Control • External locus of control • Internal locus of control • Learned Helplessness

  38. Uncontrollable bad events Perceived lack of control Generalized helpless behavior D. Social-Cognitive Perspective • Learned Helplessness

  39. D. Social-Cognitive Perspective • Positive Psychology

  40. E. Exploring the Self • Researches explore the causes & effects of individual differences in self-esteem & self-serving pride • Spotlight Effect • Self Esteem

  41. E. Exploring the Self • Self-Serving Bias • Individualism • Collectivism

  42. Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism Concept Individualism Collectivism Self Independent Interdependent (identity from individual traits) identity from belonging) Life task Discover and express one’s Maintain connections, fit in uniqueness What matters Me--personal achievement and We-group goals and solidarity; fullfillment; rights and liberties social responsibilities and relationships Coping method Change reality Accommodate to reality Morality Defined by individuals Defined by social networks (self-based) (duty-based) Relationships Many, often temporary or casual; Few, close and enduring; confrontation acceptable harmony valued Attributing Behavior reflects one’s personality Behavior reflects social behaviors and attitudes and roles E. Exploring the Self

  43. F. The Modern Unconscious Mind • Current view of the unconscious is that it consists of schemas that control our perceptions • Terror-Management Theory

More Related