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E3165 DIGITAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEM

E3165 DIGITAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEM. 2.0 INTRODUCTION. Capability of processor determine the capability of the computer system. Therefore, processor is the key element or heart of a computer system.

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E3165 DIGITAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEM

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  1. E3165 DIGITAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEM

  2. 2.0 INTRODUCTION • Capability of processor determine the capability of the computer system. Therefore, processor is the key element or heart of a computer system. • Other than PC, microprocessors are used in various computerized system such as industrial automation.

  3. 2.1 EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSOR • Number of bitsμP can handle at any one time determined the capacities of μP. • Improvement number of bits determined by2n.

  4. 2.1 EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSOR M68000 FAMILY • Comparative of various M68000 family µP. • All chips have 32 bit CPU register, but the early µP are 16 bit systems. • Why Motorola built 68008 (8 bit) after 68000 (16 bit)?

  5. 2.2 DATA SIZE • Capacity of µP: • Bits of data – size of data bus • memory size accessible – size of address bus • Data size – data stored in a single cell of memory. (size of data bus determine the data size) • 1 bit : the smallest. • 4 bit : nibble. • 8 bit : byte. • 16 bit : word. • 32 bit : longword.

  6. 2.2 DATA SIZE (cont.)

  7. 2.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BASIC COMPUTER SYSTEM • Tocci, 1991 • A digital comp is a combination of digital devices and circuits that can perform a programmed sequence of operations (program) with a minimum of human intervention. • Program is a set of coded instructions, stored in the comp’s internal memory executed by the computer in order. • Comp do not think but high speed machine that can manipulate data, solve problems and make decision, all under control of the program.

  8. Basic computer system

  9. Basic Microcomputer system

  10. Microcomputer system with Intel 8085 microprocessor

  11. Microcomputer system with Motorola 68000 microprocessor

  12. 2.4 BUS SYSTEM • A wire used to transfer a signal from one point to another.

  13. 2.4 BUS SYSTEM (cont.) • Data bus – bidirectional (read or write). Determine the data size. Transfer data in parallel.

  14. 2.4 BUS SYSTEM (cont.) • Address bus – unidirectional. Transfer data in parallel. Determine the number of memory cells (lines). • Control bus – bidirectional (not the same line). set of signals used to synchronize the activities of the separate microcomputer element. • Ex : Read, Write • Ex : RESET, INTR

  15. 2.5 OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM • How computer system works? • ROM permanently stores a short program (initial). • When comp is ON, CPU readprogram in ROM • 1. reset connected devices to standby mode. • 2. transfer system programs (OS) from permanent storage (hard disk) to RAM. • 3. System program will provide needs for user.

  16. 2.5 OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM (cont.) • Fetch & execute cycle

  17. 2.5 OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM (cont.) • Fetch cycle – a, b, c • Execute cycle – e

  18. 2.5 OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM (cont.) • Example 2-1 (page 28)

  19. 2.5 OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM (cont.) • Read in fetch cycle

  20. 2.5 OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM (cont.) • Write in execute cycle

  21. 2.6 INTERNAL STRUCTURE & BASIC OPERATION OF MICROPROCESSOR • Microprocessor packaged in IC chip. • The pins configuration / block diagram used to explain or analyze the architecture of a microprocessor. • Figure 2.12 – Intel 8085 microprocessor chip • Figure 2.13 – Motorola 68000 microprocessor chip

  22. 2.6 INTERNAL STRUCTURE & BASIC OPERATION OF MICROPROCESSOR • Internal structure • µP consist of : • 1. control & timing – fetch cycle, decode, execute cycle. • supply clock / timing. • 2. register – temporary. • faster than memory. • Various types. • 3. ALU – arithmetic & • logic operation.

  23. 2.6 INTERNAL STRUCTURE & BASIC OPERATION OF MICROPROCESSOR • Therefore, µP performs a number of functions, includes: • Providing timing and control signal. • Fetching instruction and data. • Decoding instruction. • Transferring data between I/O and memory. • Performing A&L operation. • Responding to I/O-generated control signal such as RESET or INTERRUPT.

  24. 2.6 INTERNAL STRUCTURE & BASIC OPERATION OF MICROPROCESSOR • Register set (32 bit) • 8 data register • 7 address register • 2 stack pointer • 1 program counter • 1 status register

  25. 2.7 MICROPROCESSOR CLOCK SYSTEM • Intel 8085 clock system and bus cycle timing

  26. 2.7 MICROPROCESSOR CLOCK SYSTEM (cont.)

  27. 2.7 MICROPROCESSOR CLOCK SYSTEM (cont.) • Motorola 68000 clock system and bus cycle timing • Bus cycle (machine cycle)

  28. 2.7 MICROPROCESSOR CLOCK SYSTEM (cont.)

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