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Medfly ( Ceratitis capitata ) Biology and control Spain

Medfly ( Ceratitis capitata ) Biology and control Spain. MODULE C16. Index. Taxonomy 2. Importance as pests 3. Distribution 4. Life cycle 5. Monitoring 6. Control. Taxonomy. Order Diptera. Family Tephritidae Ceratitis capitata Bactrocera oleae

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Medfly ( Ceratitis capitata ) Biology and control Spain

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  1. Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) Biology and control Spain MODULE C16

  2. Index • Taxonomy • 2. Importance as pests • 3. Distribution • 4. Life cycle • 5. Monitoring • 6. Control

  3. Taxonomy Order Diptera. Family Tephritidae Ceratitis capitata Bactrocera oleae Rhagoletis cerasi

  4. Latin name Common name Distri-bution Host species Bactrocera oleae Olive fruit fly Mediterra-nean region Olive Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly Mediterra-nean region More than 250 Rhagoletis cerasi European cherry fruit fly Central. Mediterra-nean region Cherry Most important species in Europe

  5. Importance as pests • Attack high value crops (fruit crops) • Direct injury to the fruits • Fruit about to ripen • Larvae live inside the fruit • Introduced pests in many regions • (by man) • Quarantine species

  6. Distribution http://www.teaching-biomed.man.ac.uk/muller/ (2003)

  7. Life cycle 1: Overwintering Polyphagous and multivoltine species, whose development is mainly driven by temperature No evidence of diapause Overwinters in the ground as pupa within a puparium

  8. Life cycle 2: Adult emergence

  9. Life cycle 3: Adults male seta female ovipositor

  10. Life cycle 4: Adult emergence and longevity • Peak adult emergence takes place in • the early morning • Adults need food: honeydew, nitrogen • sources • The post-emergence pre-maturation • period of the females is short: 2 –3 days • Adult survival in the field doest not • exceed probably 2 – 3 months

  11. Life cycle 5: Adult dispersion • The adults do not migrate readily after • emergence • Dispersion distances by flight depends • on fruit availability • Few hundreds meters per week • when available • Long distances (both mature and • immature females) when not available

  12. Life cycle 6: Oviposition • Femalesneed T > 16ºC • 1 – 10 eggs / oviposition hole • 300 eggs (as many as 800) during lifetime • Eggs continuously • produced • Under the skin of • fruit which is just • beginning to ripen • Several females • can lay eggs on the • same fruit • Oviposition hole • difficult to detect female ovipositor

  13. Life cycle 7: Egg, larva and damage

  14. Monitoring 1: Summary of methods 1.Trap types () McPhail () Tephri Trap 2. Lure types () Liquid: Trimedlure () Solid:trimetilamine, putrescine & ammonium acetate () Plant volatiles 3. Economic threshold () 1 adult per trap per day 4. Fruit sampling

  15. Monitoring 2: Tephri traps

  16. Monitoring 3: an example female male No. catches / day trimetilamine, putrescine & ammonium acetate

  17. Control 1: chemical control • Chemical control • Few insecticides available (OPs, pyrethroids, • spinosad), even less in Integrated Fruit Production • Safe to harvest intervals • Full cover sprays • Aerial treatments (against IFP concept) • Bait sprays • Mass trapping • Attract and sterilize • Sterile Insect Technique • AREAWIDE MANAGEMENT

  18. Control 2: mass trapping • Based on the use of the same traps and lures than • for monitoring • 50 – 80 traps / ha distributed across the orchard • Traps placed 4 – 6 weeks before harvest • Traps may be distributed in all the orchard, if it is small, • or only in its perimeter, if it is big

  19. Control 3: attract and kill • Plant extracts + hydrolyzed protein+ • insecticide • 400 units / ha • Units placed 4 – 6 weeks before harvest • 4 months of duration

  20. Control 4: attract and sterilize • Attractants + phagostimulants +lufenuron • 24 units/ ha • 1,5 m high, south side, before 1st generation • Placed only once

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